Decreased Mortality with Beta-Blocker Therapy in HFpEF Patients Associated with Atrial Fibrillation
Table 1
Baseline characteristic in HFpEF patients associated with AF.
No beta-blocker (n = 113)
Beta-blocker (n = 78)
All patients (n = 191)
value
Age, years
77.0 (72.5–80.0)
76.0 (69.0–80.3)
77 (71–80)
0.12
Male, n (%)
58 (51.3)
35 (44.9)
93 (48.7)
0.380
Current or past smoker, n (%)
29 (25.7)
14 (17.9)
43 (22.5)
0.210
Alcoholic, n (%)
6 (5.3)
2 (2.6)
8 (4.2)
0.475
Hypertension, n (%)
80 (70.8)
47 (60.3)
127 (66.5)
0.129
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)
29 (25.7)
28 (35.9)
57 (29.8)
0.129
History of AMI, n (%)
9 (8.0)
9 (11.5)
18 (9.4)
0.406
History of stroke, n (%)
33 (29.2)
16 (20.5)
49 (25.7)
0.176
AECI, n (%)
12 (10.6)
11 (14.1)
23 (12.0)
0.467
ARB, n (%)
34 (30.1)
18 (23.1)
52 (27.2)
0.285
Digoxin, n (%)
44 (38.9)
31 (39.7)
75 (39.3)
0.911
Oral anticoagulant, n (%)
51 (45.1)
41 (52.6)
92 (48.2)
0.312
Statin, n (%)
73 (64.6)
45 (57.7)
118 (61.8)
0.334
Non-dihydropyridine calcium ion antagonist
5 (4.4)
3 (3.8)
8 (4.2)
1.000
Heart rate (beats/min)
80.0 (75.5–90.0)
78.0 (74.0–85.3)
80 (75–88)
0.206
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
125.3 ± 16.9
122.9 ± 17.2
124.3 ± 17.0
0.334
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
76.0 (66.0–83.5)
75.5 (66.0–80.0)
76 (66–80)
0.352
Hemoglobin (g/L)
120.0 (109.0–132.5)
122.5 (115.0–137.0)
122 (111–134)
0.295
Uric acid (umol/L)
400.8 ± 136.6
392.7 ± 138.3
397.5 ± 137.0
0.687
Albumin (g/L)
37.3 ± 4.7
38.3 ± 3.7
37.7 ± 4.3
0.114
BNP (pg/ml)
279.0 (169.1–439.5)
232.9 (181.1–495.0)
275.0 (176.8–449.0)
0.783
LDL-c (mmol/L)
2.62 (1.94–3.24)
2.68 (2.00–3.26)
2.63 (1.94–3.25)
0.965
Left atrial diameter (mm)
44 (40–48)
44 (41–49)
44 (40–48)
0.769
Right atrial diameter (mm)
42 (36–47)
41.5 (36–48)
42 (36–47)
0.688
LVEDD (mm)
47 (43–50.5)
46.5 (44–51)
47 (43–51)
0.762
Pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg)
42.5 ± 12.9
41.8 ± 11.1
42.2 ± 12.2
0.709
Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range) or mean (standard deviation). Categorical variables are expressed as number (percentages). AF, atrial fibrillation; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension.
