Decreased Mortality with Beta-Blocker Therapy in HFpEF Patients Associated with Atrial Fibrillation

Table 2

Outcomes in patients of HFpEF associated with AF with or without beta-blocker treatment.

	Without beta-blocker	With beta-blocker	Unadjusted		After adjusted
	(n = 113)	(n = 78)	HR (95%CI)	Value	HR (95%CI)	value
All-cause mortality	56 (49.6%)	20 (25.6%)	0.422 (0.253–0.704)	0.001	0.405 (0.233–0.701)	0.001
All-cause rehospitalization	75 (66.4%)	55 (70.5%)	1.137 (0.803–1.610)	0.470	1.200 (0.824–1.747)	0.342
HF rehospitalization	40 (35.4%)	36 (46.2%)	1.441 (0.918–2.260)	0.112	1.740 (1.085–2.789)	0.022

AF, atrial fibrillation; CI, confidence interval; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Adjusted by age, sex, smoke, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history of acute myocardial infarction, heart rate, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, and pulmonary artery pressure, which were commonly considered the factors to affect clinical outcomes, and also adjusted by diastolic blood pressure and albumin level, which were associated with all-cause mortality in univariate regression analysis. Adjusted by age, sex, smoke, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history of acute myocardial infarction, and pulmonary artery pressure, which were the known factors to affect HF rehospitalization, and also adjusted by BNP level and uric acid level, which were associated with HF rehospitalization in univariate regression analysis.