Review Article

Urine-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cardiovascular Disease

Table 1

Application of urine cell reprogramming in cardiovascular disease models.

AuthorYearDiseaseReprogrammingTypical colonyUiPSCs pluripotencyCardiomyocyte inductionFunctional cardiomyocytes
EfficiencySpontaneously contractiveReference

Guan et al.2013Duchenne muscular dystrophyA polycistronic lentiviral vector Oct-3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc10–14 daysTeratoma with all 3 germ layersActivin/BMP method80%After 8–20 days of differentiation[29]
Jouni et al.2015Type 2 long QT syndromeEpisomal vectors OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC, LIN28, NANOG, SV40LTTeratoma with all 3 germ layersMatrix sandwich methodAfter 6–8 days of differentiation[50]
Lin et al.2016Dilated cardiomyopathySendai virus OCT3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-MycTeratoma with all 3 germ layers[51]
Cao et al.2018Ventricular septal defectSendai virus sOct4/Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4Around 3–4 weeksTeratoma with all 3 germ layersSmall-molecule modulation of Wnt signaling75–80%After 12 days of differentiation[41]