|
| | Beta blockers: no
n = 242 | Beta blockers: yes
n = 138 | |
|
| Hypertension, n (%) | 188 (78) | 114 (83) | 0.253 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 18 (7) | 10 (7) | 0.945 |
| Supraventricular tachycardia, n (%) | 12 (5) | 90 (65) | ≤0.001 |
| Ventricular tachycardia, n (%) | 6 (2) | 14 (10) | ≤0.001 |
| Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction <55%, n (%) | 30 (12) | 40 (29) | ≤0.001 |
| Two or more indications, n (%) | 54 (22) | 94 (68) | ≤0.001 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 52.70 ± 15.35 | 56.94 ± 14.68 | 0.008 |
| Women, n (%) | 53 (22) | 32 (23) | 0.772 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 107 (44) | 42 (30) | 0.008 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 83 (34) | 50 (36) | 0.704 |
| Other etiologies of heart failure, n (%) | 52 (21) | 46 (33) | 0.011 |
| Time from HTx (years), mean ± SD | 7.24 ± 5.78 | 11.65 ± 7.04 | ≤0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%), mean ± SD | 57.08 ± 4.49 | 55.89 ± 5.04 | 0.884 |
| Heart rate (1/min), mean ± SD | 90.88 ± 12.32 | 101.09 ± 12.26 | ≤0.001 |
| Coronary artery vasculopathy grade 0, n (%) | 139 (57) | 82 (59) | 0.706 |
| Coronary artery vasculopathy grade 1, n (%) | 54 (22) | 24 (17) | 0.253 |
| Coronary artery vasculopathy grade 2, n (%) | 30 (12) | 16 (12) | 0.818 |
| Coronary artery vasculopathy grade 3, n (%) | 18 (7) | 18 (13) | 0.073 |
| Cause of death—any cause, n (%) | 16 (7) | 11 (8) | 0.620 |
| Cause of death—cardiovascular, n (%) | 5 (2) | 7 (5) | 0.107 |
| Cause of death—infection, n (%) | 7 (3) | 2 (1) | 0.374 |
| Cause of death—malignancy, n (%) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 0.914 |
| Cause of death—rejection, n (%) | 1 (0) | 1 (1) | 0.687 |
| Cause of death—other cause, n (%) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.450 |
| Start point of BBs after HTx (years), mean ± SD, (IQR) | n/a | 5.76 ± 5.67 (0.75–9.50) | n/a |
| Time duration of BBs use (years), mean ± SD, (IQR) | n/a | 5.91 ± 4.74 (2.57–7.77) | n/a |
| Atenolol daily dose, mean ± SD | n/a | 43.75 ± 11.31 | n/a |
| Bisoprolol daily dose (mg), mean ± SD | n/a | 4.11 ± 2.88 | n/a |
| Carvedilol daily dose (mg), mean ± SD | n/a | 27.08 ± 18.40 | n/a |
| Nebivolol daily dose (mg), mean ± SD | n/a | 3.25 ± 1.68 | n/a |
| Metoprolol daily dose (mg), mean ± SD | n/a | 57.14 ± 52.05 | n/a |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 97 (40) | 60 (43) | 0.518 |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 42 (17) | 16 (12) | 0.133 |
| Calcium channel blocker (CCB) | 85 (35) | 62 (45) | 0.059 |
| Dihydropyridine CCBs | 83 (34) | 61 (44) | 0.056 |
| Non-dihydropyridine CCBs | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 0.914 |
| Statins | 235 (97) | 133 (96) | 0.695 |
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 233 (96) | 134 (97) | 0.672 |
| Ivabradine | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | n/a |
| Loop diuretics | 67 (28) | 42 (30) | 0.569 |
|
