The Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Axis: A Ray of Hope in Cardiovascular Diseases

Table 1

Functional effects of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular disease	Effects	Reference
Viral myocarditis	Reduces inflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress	[36]
	Reduces CVB3-induced myocarditis by activating GSK-3β	[37]
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD)	Inhibits signal transducer	[39]
Cardiac tumors	Regulates antioxidant defense enzymes and counteracts oxidative stress	[40]
	Reduces toxicity with sulforaphane	[41]
Myocardial infarction (MI)	Involved the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system	[42]
	Upgrades antioxidant genes	[43]
Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI)	Regulates the activation of thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) through two antioxidant response elements	[45]
	Regulates ROS levels	[46]
Atherosclerosis (AS)	Strengthens antioxidative potential and alleviates inflammation	[47]
	Enhances the expression of HO-1	[48]
	Mediates atherosclerosis by saturated fatty acids	[49]
Arrhythmia	Produces antioxidant enzymes to reverse oxidative damage	[52]
	Activates the NO pathway	[53]
Hypertensive heart disease	Reverses the mitochondrial apoptosis effect	[54]
	Downregulates TGF-1/Smads in myocardial remodeling	[55]
	Promotes lipolysis enzymatic activity	[56]