Cryoablation Combined with Left Atrial Appendage Closure: A Safe and Effective Procedure for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the patients.
Parameters
CBA only group (N = 262)
CBA + LAAC group (N = 42)
value
Age (yr)
66.3 ± 9.5
70 ± 7.6
0.01
Gender: male
142 (54.2)
26 (61.9)
0.35
Smoking
49 (18.7)
6 (14.3)
0.49
Wine
24 (9.2)
6 (14.3)
0.45
proBNP (pg/ml)
298.9 (105.4, 776.2)
450.8 (85.8, 859.4)
0.65
eGFR (mL/(min1.73 m2))
81.5 ± 17.1
76.4 ± 16.3
0.07
Left atrial diameter (mm)
40.4 ± 5.6
45.6 ± 5.8
<0.0001
LVEF (%)
62.1 ± 8.1
60.9 ± 4.2
0.19
※HAS-BLED score
2.7 ± 1.2
3.7 ± 1.2
<0.0001
※CHA2DS2-VASc score
2.8 ± 1.9
3.8 ± 2.1
0.001
Medical history
Hypertension
154 (58.8)
26 (61.9)
0.70
Diabetes mellitus
30 (11.5)
8 (19.1)
0.17
Hyperlipidemia
10 (3.8)
6 (14.3)
0.01
Hyperthyroidism
10 (3.8)
1 (2.4)
0.99
Coronary heart disease
64 (24.4)
10 (23.8)
0.93
Myocardial infarction
24 (9.2)
3 (7.1)
0.89
Previous PCI
22 (8.4)
6 (14.3)
0.35
Valvular heart disease
5 (1.9)
1 (2.4)
1.00
Cardiomyopathy
4 (1.6)
2 (4.8)
0.42
◇Previous stroke
62 (23.7)
26 (61.9)
<0.0001
Medication
Antiarrythmic drugs
79 (30.2)
17 (40.5)
0.14
Anticoagulants
44 (16.8)
12 (28.6)
0.07
Warfarin
32 (12.3)
5 (12.2)
0.99
Antiplatelet agents
69 (27.1)
19 (46.3)
0.01
Aspirin
61 (23.3)
17 (40.5)
0.02
Statins
41 (15.6)
13 (31.7)
0.01
ACEI/ARB
87 (33.2)
17 (40.5)
0.36
CCB
69 (26.3)
14 (33.3)
0.34
β-blocker
71 (27.2)
14 (33.3)
0.41
Continuous variables are described as mean ± SD or median (interquantile range) while categorical variables as percentage (%). CBA, cryoablation; LAAC, left atrial appendage closure; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker. eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, calculated by CKD-EPI formula. ※CHA2DS2-VASc score is the risk estimation system of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, while HAS-BLED score estimates risk of hemorrhage. ◇Previous stroke encompasses documented cerebral infarction including lacunar infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage with either CT or MRI evidence.
