Cryoablation Combined with Left Atrial Appendage Closure: A Safe and Effective Procedure for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Patients

Table 2

Cryoablation procedure details.

Parameter	CBA only group (N = 262)	CBA + LAAC group (N = 42)	value
Procedure time (s)	1061.8 ± 462.2	974.5 ± 304.3	0.47
Nadir (°C)	−46.4 ± 5.8	−43.4 ± 8.6	0.21
Times of freeze per vein (n)
LSPV	1.8 ± 1.1	2.4 ± 2.0	0.28
LIPV	1.6 ± 0.8	1.6 ± 0.6	0.83
RSPV	1.3 ± 0.6	1.1 ± 0.5	0.15
RIPV	1.5 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.6	0.37
◆Anatomic variations	13 (5.0)	5 (11.9)	0.16
RMPV	9 (3.4)	3 (7.1)	0.47
◇Ablation of other sites	5(1.9)	0(0)	0.80
Periprocedural complications
Vagal reflex	29 (11.1)	9 (17.3)	0.20
Phrenic nerve injury	3 (1.2)	0 (0)	1.00
Cardiac tamponade	0 (0)	0 (0)	—

Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD while categorical variables as percentage (%). PVI, pulmonary isolation; LSPV, left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV, left inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV, right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV, right inferior pulmonary vein; RMPV, right middle pulmonary vein. ◆Anatomic variations include right middle pulmonary vein, left middle pulmonary vein, and absence of inferior pulmonary vein. ◇Other sites ablated include left atrial appendage, superior vena cava, mitral isthmus, and tricuspid isthmus.