Impaired Mitophagy: A New Potential Mechanism of Human Chronic Atrial Fibrillation

Figure 4

Decreased engulfment of mitochondria into autophagosomes in atrial myocytes of patients with chronic AF (n = 4 per group, scale bar = 20 μm). (a) Representative dual immunofluorescence images and semiquantitative analysis colocalization of Cox IV and LC3B in RAA. (b) Representative dual immunofluorescence images and semiquantitative analysis colocalization of Cox IV and LAMP-1 in RAA.  < 0.05 vs the SR group. SR, sinus rhythm; AF, atrial fibrillation; RAA, right atrial appendage.

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