Association of Biomarker Level with Cardiovascular Events: Results of a 4-Year Follow-Up Study

Table 1

Clinical characterization of patients in the no-outcome group and in the outcome group (composite endpoint) and with MACE.

Variables	Total n = 267	No outcome n = 224	Composite end point n = 43	MACE n = 15	χ^2	level	χ^2	level
Sex, n (%)					0.41	0.68	1.52	0.13
Female, n (%)	175 (65.5)	148 (66.1)	27 (62.8)	7 (46.7)
Male, n (%)	92 (34.5)	76 (33.9)	16 (37.2)	8 (53.8)
Age, years (Q25–Q75)	54 (45–59)	53 (44–58)	56 (52–63)	58.5 (53–61)	3.23	≤0.001	1.82	0.069
30–44, n (%)	62 (23.2)	60 (26.8)	2 (4.7)	—
45–59, n (%)	141 (52.8)	118 (52.7)	23 (53.5)	10 (66.7)
>60, n (%)	64 (24.0)	46 (20.5)	18 (41.9)	5 (33.3)
Educational background, n (%)					0.67	0.50	0.39	0.70
Secondary and lower level, n (%)	97 (36.3)	85 (37.9)	12 (27.9)	6 (40.0)
Vocational secondary, n (%)	119 (52.8)	95 (42.4)	24 (55.8)	7 (46.7)
Higher, n (%)	51 (24.0)	44 (19.6)	7 (16.3)	2 (13.3)
Marital status, n (%)					0.70	0.49	0.38	0.18
Married, n (%)	174 (65.2)	148 (66.1)	26 (60.5)	11 (73.3)
Not married, n (%)	22 (8.2)	18 (8.0)	4 (9.3)	1 (6.7)
Divorced/widowed, n (%)	71 (26.6)	54 (25.9)	13 (30.2)	3 (20.0)
Income level, n (%)					1.08	0.28	1.33	0.18
Lower than middle and low, n (%)	131 (49.1)	111 (49.6)	20 (46.5)	6 (40.0)
Middle, n (%)	91 (34.1)	77 (34.4)	14 (32.6)	6 (40.0)
Above middle and high, n (%)	33 (12.4)	25 (11.2)	8 (18.6)	3 (20.0)
No answer, n (%)	12 (4.5)	11 (4.9)	1 (2.3)	—
BMI, kg/m^2, median (Q25–Q75)	28.1 (24.8–32.3)	28 (24.6–31)	32.2 (25.5–38.6)	30.3 (27–34)	2.93	0.003	1.91	0.056
Overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m^2), n (%)	105 (39.3%)	92 (41.1%)	13 (30.2%)	2 (13.3)
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), n (%)	91 (34.1%)	66 (29.5%)	25 (58.1%)	10 (66.7)
Waist length, cm, median (Q25–Q75)	96 (86–104)	95 (86–103)	108 (96–115)	95.5 (85.2–108.7)	2.26	0.024	3.01	0.003
The presence of AO, n (%)	195 (73%)	160 (71.4%)	35 (81.4%)	14 (93.3)
SBP (mm hg), median (Q25–Q75)	130 (120–140	130 (117.5–140)	140 (140–170)	130 (120–150)	2.28	0.022	3.30	≤0.001
DBP (mm hg), median (Q25–Q75)	80 (80–90)	80 (80–90)	90 (80–100)	80 (72–90)	1.25	0.21	2.57	0.01
Smoking (%)	30 (11.2)	28 (12.5)	2 (4.7)	2 (13.3)	1.49	0.14	0.09	0.93

χ² and between the no-outcome group and outcome group with a composite endpoint; χ² and between the no-outcome group and outcome group with a MACE.