Change in Atrial Fibrillation Burden over Time in Patients with Nonpermanent Atrial Fibrillation
Table 2
Separate, mixed effect models for the relationships of atrial fibrillation burden and clinical, laboratory, and left atrial echocardiographic parameters.
β (95% CI)
value
BMI
Crude
−0.33 (−1.67; 1.0)
0.6
Sex/Age-adjusted
−0.33 (−1.7; 1.04)
0.6
History of stroke
Crude
42.59 (23.40; 61.77)
<0.0001
Sex/Age-adjusted
43.09 (23.22; 62.95)
<0.0001
History of CHF
Crude
6.26 (−17.49; 30.02)
0.6
Sex/Age-adjusted
8.54 (−16.4; 33.48)
0.5
History of hypertension
Crude
6.03 (−8.54; 20.59)
0.4
Sex/Age-adjusted
6.01 (−8.84; 20.86)
0.4
24 hour systolic BP
Crude
−0.09 (−0.5; 0.32)
0.7
Sex/Age-adjusted
−0.09 (−0.5; 0.32)
0.7
CRP
Crude
−0.84 (−2.23; 0.54)
0.2
Sex/Age-adjusted
−0.73 (−2.12; 0.66)
0.3
BNP
Crude
0.05 (0.02; 0.09)
0.005
Sex/Age-adjusted
0.05 (0.02; 0.09)
0.005
Anterior-posterior diameter
Crude
0.6 (−0.09; 1.29)
0.09
Sex/Age-adjusted
0.57 (−0.14; 1.28)
0.1
End-diastolic volume
Crude
0.49 (0.23; 0.74)
0.0003
Sex/Age-adjusted
0.49 (0.23; 0.74)
0.0003
End-systolic volume
Crude
0.25 (0.05; 0.46)
0.02
Sex/Age-adjusted
0.25 (0.05; 0.46)
0.02
Stroke volume
Crude
−0.13 (−0.48; 0.22)
0.5
Sex/Age-adjusted
−0.13 (−0.49; 0.23)
0.5
Ejection fraction
Crude
−0.43 (−0.76; −0.10)
0.01
Sex/Age-adjusted
−0.42 (−0.76; −0.09)
0.01
E-wave
Crude
36.67 (12.96; 60.38)
0.003
Sex/Age-adjusted
37.93 (13.98; 61.89)
0.002
Deceleration time
Crude
−0.1 (−0.16; −0.05)
0.0002
Sex/Age-adjusted
−0.1 (−0.16; −0.05)
0.0002
Data are β coefficients (95% confidence interval). Atrial fibrillation burden was used as the outcome variable. Participant identity numbers were computed as the random effect. Crude models included follow-up years as covariates and were further adjusted for sex and age. 3D echocardiographic parameter, BMI = body mass index, BNP = brain natriuretic peptide, BP = blood pressure, CHF = congestive heart failure, and CRP = C-reactive protein.
