Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Prognosis of Elderly Valvular Heart Disease Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Five-Year Experience from a Single-Center Study of Southern China
Table 1
Baseline characteristics stratified by presence of diabetes mellitus in elderly VHD patients.
Overall (n = 532)
Diabetes (n = 155)
Nondiabetes (n = 377)
value
Age (years)
75.0 (70.0–80.0)
75.0 (71.5–79.0)
75.0 (70.0–80.0)
0.556
Male, n (%)
291 (54.7%)
90 (58.1%)
201 (53.3%)
0.317
Medical history
COPD, n (%)
116 (21.8%)
30 (19.4%)
86 (22.8%)
0.380
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)
232 (43.6%)
77 (49.7%)
155 (41.1%)
0.070
Hypertension, n (%)
358 (67.3%)
127 (81.9%)
231 (61.3%)
<0.001
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)
66 (12.4%)
25 (16.1%)
41 (10.9%)
0.095
Congenital VHD, n (%)
42 (7.9%)
9 (5.8%)
33 (8.8%)
0.252
Ischemic VHD, n (%)
151 (28.4%)
50 (32.3%)
101 (26.8%)
0.204
Infective VHD, n (%)
7 (1.3%)
2 (1.3%)
5 (1.3%)
>0.999
Degenerative VHD, n (%)
206 (38.7%)
62 (40.0%)
144 (38.2%)
0.698
Rheumatic VHD, n (%)
92 (17.3%)
26 (16.8%)
66 (17.5%)
0.839
NYHA class, n (%)
0.726
I
30 (5.6%)
8 (5.2%)
22 (5.8%)
II
274 (51.5%)
86 (55.5%)
188 (49.9%)
III
184 (34.6%)
49 (31.6%)
135 (35.8%)
IV
37 (7.0%)
11 (7.1%)
26 (6.9%)
NYHA class > 2, n (%)
221 (41.5%)
60 (38.7%)
161 (42.7%)
0.349
Echocardiographic findings
LAd (mm)
40.0 (35.0–46.0)
41.9 (37.0–47.5)
40.0 (35.0–45.0)
0.021
LVDd (mm)
47.5 (43.0–54.3)
47.0 (42.0–52.0)
48.0 (43.0–56.0)
0.168
LVSd (mm)
29.0 (25.0–36.0)
28.0 (25.0–33.0)
30.0 (25.0–37.0)
0.123
LVEF (%)
63.5 (55.0–68.0)
64.0 (57.5–68.0)
63.0 (53.0–69.0)
0.522
LVEF < 50%, n (%)
101 (19.0%)
25 (16.1%)
76 (20.2%)
0.522
Mitral regurgitation, n (%)
0.07195
None
107 (20.1%)
28 (18.1%)
79 (21.0%)
Mild
175 (32.9%)
53 (34.2%)
122 (32.4%)
Moderate
92 (17.3%)
36 (23.2%)
56 (14.9%)
Severe
158 (29.7%)
38 (24.5%)
120 (31.8%)
Mitral stenosis, n (%)
0.2481
None
437 (82.1%)
120 (77.4%)
317 (84.1%)
Mild
35 (6.6%)
11 (7.1%)
24 (6.4%)
Moderate
27 (5.1%)
11 (7.1%)
16 (4.2%)
Severe
33 (6.2%)
13 (8.4%)
20 (5.3%)
Aortic regurgitation, n (%)
0.1219
None
159 (29.9%)
39 (25.2%)
120 (31.8%)
Mild
233 (43.8%)
77 (49.7%)
156 (41.4%)
Moderate
90 (16.9%)
29 (18.7%)
61 (16.2%)
Severe
50 (9.4%)
10 (6.5%)
40 (10.6%)
Aortic stenosis, n (%)
0.8668
None
437 (82.1%)
125 (80.6%)
312 (82.8%)
Mild
55 (10.3%)
16 (10.3%)
39 (10.3%)
Moderate
17 (3.2%)
6 (3.9%)
11 (2.9%)
Severe
23 (4.3%)
8 (5.2%)
15 (4.0%)
Medication
β-Blockers, n (%)
367 (69.0%)
108 (69.7%)
259 (68.7%)
0.825
ACEI/ARB, n (%)
163 (30.6%)
55 (35.5%)
108 (28.7%)
0.120
Antithrombotic drugs, n (%)
234 (44.0%)
78 (50.3%)
156 (41.4%)
0.059
Diuretic agents, n (%)
109 (20.5%)
29 (18.7%)
80 (21.2%)
0.515
Note. Data were expressed as n (%) or median (interquartile range). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LAd, left atrium diameter; LVDd, left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole; LVSd, left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; and VHD, valvular heart disease.
