The Electrophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation: From Basic Mechanisms to Catheter Ablation

Figure 1

(a) Leading circle reentry. The impulse spreads to the inside of the circuit continuously, making it permanently unexcitable. (b) Typical reentrant circuit around an anatomical barrier. (c) Reentrant circuit with the excitation gap. (d) Reentrant circuit without the excitation gap. (e) Unsustainable reentrant circuit as its frontal part collides with its nonexcitable terminal part.

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