Cardiology Research and Practice / 2021 / Article / Tab 1 / Research Article
Clinical Phenotypes and Age-Related Differences in Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Vietnamese Multicenter Research Table 1 Four clinical phenotypes of patients diagnosed with HFpEF.
All Phenotype 1 Phenotype 2 Phenotype 3 Phenotype 4 Adjusted value N 477 64 201 88 124 — Patients’ characteristics Age (year) 67.6 (14.4) 74.0 (12.4) 71.9(10.7) 67.7 (13.6) 57.4 (15.9) <0.001 Male (%) 37.7 42.2 15.4 97.7 29.0 <0.001 Obesity (%) 28.7 17.2 40.3 31.8 13.7 <0.001 Smoking (%) 22.0 31.3 0 83.0 9.7 <0.001 EF (%) 63 (13/0) 61 (12.5) 65 (13.0) 60 (9.3) 64 (10.3) 0.008 SBP (mmHg) 120 (20.0) 128 (34.5) 120 (20.0) 120 (30.0) 110 (20.0) <0.001 DBP (mmHg) 70 (20.0) 73 (22.0) 70 (20.0) 70 (20.0) 66.5 (11.7) 0.005 Resting HR (bpm) 80 (18.0) 81 (25.0) 78 (17.5) 79 (18.0) 81 (21.0) 0.132 NYHA III-IV (%) 28.3 100.0 8.5 6.8 38.7 <0.001 NT-proBNP available 53.1% 70.3% 43.3% 55.7% 58.1% — NT-proBNP (pg/ml) 1951 (2955) 4005 (6165) 1891 (2892) 1416 (2724) 1924 (2245) <0.001 Comorbidities Dyslipidemia (%) 54.3 51.6 79.1 60.2 11.3 <0.001 Hypertension (%) 68.6 95.3 95.0 75.0 7.3 <0.001 Diabetes (%) 26.6 35.9 39.3 20.5 5.7 <0.001 CAD (%) 50.7 81.3 62.7 56.8 11.3 <0.001 Prior revascularization (%) 10.3 12.5 11.0 21.6 0 <0.001 AF (%) 38.8 42.2 26.4 30.7 62.9 <0.001 CKD (%) 21.6 43.8 23.4 15.9 11.3 <0.001 CVA (%) 10.7 14.1 10.0 14.8 7.3 0.286 Asthma/COPD (%) 4.6 9.4 3.0 10.2 0.8 0.002 Cancer (%) 2.3 1.6 2.5 3.4 1.6 0.807 Number of comorbidities 3 (2) 4 (2) 4 (1) 3 (2) 1 (2) <0.001 HFpEF etiologies CAD-induced (%) 25.4 34.4 28.9 43.2 2.4 <0.001 HTN-induced (%) 22.6 34.4 33.3 20.5 0.8 <0.001 DCM-induced (%) 2.5 1.6 2.0 5.7 1.6 0.293 VHD-induced (%) 35.9 26.6 20.9 14.8 79.8 <0.001 Other causes (%) 9.9 3.1 8.5 13.6 12.9 0.099 Symptoms Dyspnea (%) 63.9 95.3 59.2 62.5 56.5 <0.001 Congestion (%) 48.8 98.4 45.3 34.1 39.5 <0.001 Hypoperfusion (%) 4.6 29.7 0 2.3 0.8 <0.001 Inpatient setting — Inpatient care (%) 30.6 82.8 15.4 14.8 39.5 <0.001 Inhospital mortality (%) 4.8 9.4 3.2 0 2.0 0.342 Treatment pattern ACEi 27.0 31.3 31.3 23.9 20.2 0.132 ARB 45.5 32.8 55.7 48.9 33.1 <0.001 Sacubitril/valsartan 1.3 1.6 1.0 3.4 0 0.132 BB 59.1 40.6 69.2 62.5 50.0 <0.001 MRA 43.0 42.2 33.8 40.0 60.5 <0.001 Loop diuretic 60.6 79.7 50.8 53.4 71.8 <0.001 Statin 72.5 81.3 87.6 84.1 35.5 <0.001
Significant after the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure (false discovery rate 0.05). SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR; heart rate; NYHA: New York Heart Association, NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PND: paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; CAD: coronary artery disease; HTN: hypertension; AF: atrial fibrillation/flutter; DM: diabetes mellitus; CKD: chronic kidney disease; DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI: myocardial infarction; ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; BB: beta blocker; MRA: mineralocorticoid antagonist.