Efficiency, Safety, and Efficacy of High-Power Short-Duration Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Table 1

In vitro and in vivo studies on HPSD ablation.

Study	In vitro or in vivo model	Catheter type	Ablation setting (W/s)	Irrigation flow rate (ml/min)	Contact force (g)	Lesion depth (mm)	Lesion width (mm)	Stream pops (%)
Bhaskaran et al. [12]	In vitro and in vivo model: sheep RA myocardium	Thermocool catheter (in vitro)	In vitro model:	30	10	In vitro model:	In vitro model:	—
			40/30			2.7	5.2
			40/5			1.3	4.1
			50/5			2.2	5.1
			60/5			2.4	5.4
			70/5			2.6	5.9
			80/5			2.9	6.5
		Thermocool SmartTouch catheter (in vivo)	In vivo:	30	10	In vivo:	In vivo:	In vivo:
			40/30			2.4	9.1	2/19 (10.5)
			50/5			2.3	7.6	0/18 (0)
			60/5			2.2	7.7	0/14 (0)
			70/5			2.1	7.5	1/12 (8)
			80/5			2.4	8.3	1/9 (11)
Ali-Ahmed et al. [13]	In vitro model: porcine LV myocardium	Thermocool SmartTouch catheter	20/5	2	20	1.4	5.1	—
			30/5			2.1	5.7
			40/5			2.4	6.6
			50/5			2.9	7.2
			20/5	17		1.7	4.2
			30/5			1.7	5.9
			40/5			2.6	6.4
			50/5			3.0	7.3
			20/10	2		2.6	6.7
			30/10			3.0	7.9
			40/10			4.1	8.7
			50/10			5.0	9.1
			20/10	17		1.9	5.6
			30/10			2.8	6.9
			40/10			3.7	7.8
			50/10			4.9	7.9
Barkagan et al. [10]	In vitro model	Thermocool SmartTouch SF catheter (conventional ablation); QDOTMICRO^TM catheter (HPSD ablation)	30/30	8	10–20	Transmural	Posterior line	0
							7.9
							9.5
							Anterior line
							3.6
							8.0
Leshem et al. [11]	In vitro model: swine thigh muscle	Thermocool SmartTouch SF catheter (conventional ablation); QDOTMICRO^TM catheter (HPSD ablation)	25/20	8	10	3.74	6.3	0/28 (0)
			90/4			3.62	10.36	0/28 (0)
			90/6			4.01	10.57	2/28 (7.2)
			70/8			4.32	10.79	1/28 (3.6)
	In vivo model: swine RA/RV myocardium	QDOTMICRO^TM catheter	90/4	8	15	RA 3.39	RA 7.0	3/174 (1.7)
						RV 3.82	RV 6.92

HPSD: high-power short-duration; LV: left ventricle; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle.