Effects and Mechanisms of Cutting Upper Thoracic Sympathetic Trunk on Ventricular Rate in Ambulatory Canines with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Figure 2

TH staining of LSG in both control group and experimental group. (a) The LSG of the control group seen at low magnification. (b) The LSG of the experimental group seen at low magnification. Compared with that of the control group, TH staining of LSG was weaker in the experimental group. (c) The LSG of the control group seen at high magnification. TH staining showed TH-negative ganglion cells (red arrows) and TH-positive ganglion cells (brown color) in LSG. (d) The LSG of the experimental group seen at high magnification. Compared with that of the control group, TH staining showed that the number of ganglionic cells was significantly decreased, but the quantity of TH-negative ganglion cells was significantly increased in the LSG of the experimental group. Effects of cutting upper TST on the neural remodeling of right SG (RSG).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)