Effects and Mechanisms of Cutting Upper Thoracic Sympathetic Trunk on Ventricular Rate in Ambulatory Canines with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Table 1

The effects of cutting upper TST on VR during AF.

Parameter	Experimental group (bpm)	Control group (bpm)	t value	value
Before (AF baseline)	157.3 ± 7.9	154.2 ± 5.8	0.787	0.450
After anesthesia and before cutting upper TST	143.7 ± 5.2	146.0 ± 3.0	−0.954	0.362
After cutting upper TST for 30 minutes	121.5 ± 8.7	144.5 ± 4.2	−5.829	<0.001
After cutting upper TST for 1 month	106.5 ± 4.9	139.2 ± 5.6	−10.763	<0.001

versus AF baseline.