Cardiac Injury Biomarkers and the Risk of Death in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 3

Baseline differences between COVID-19 patients with elevated and normal cTn in terms of preexisting comorbidities and the mean values of other cardiac injury biomarkers.

Parameter	Category	Model	I^2 (%)	Effect estimate (95% CI)
Comorbidities	Hypertension	F	0	OR = 5.43 (3.60, 8.19)	<0.0001
	Diabetes	F	35	OR = 2.98 (1.84, 4.83)	<0.0001
	Coronary heart disease	F	44	OR = 8.49 (4.85, 14.86)	<0.0001
	COPD	F	23	OR = 6.50 (2.33, 18.09)	0.0003
	Malignancy	R	72	OR = 5.58 (0.90, 34.70)	0.07
	Chronic kidney disease	R	54	OR = 4.54 (0.80, 25.62)	0.09
Biomarkers	NT-proBNP (pg/mL)	R	98	SMD = 5.59 (3.00, 8.17)	<0.0001
	hs-CRP (mg/L)	R	84	SMD = 4.69 (3.82, 5.55)	<0.0001
	CK-MB (ng/mL)	F	0	SMD = 6.32 (5.91, 6.73)	<0.0001

Results are based on the analysis of 134 and 469 patients with elevated and normal cTn, respectively. CI, confidence interval; CK-MB, creatine kinase-myocardial bound; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; F, fixed-effects model; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; OR, odds ratio; R, random-effects model; SMD, standardized mean difference.