Research Article
Optimal Catheter Ablation Strategy for Patients with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: A Retrospective Study
Table 1
Baseline clinical characteristics of the patients.
| | | Total (n = 118) | PVI only (n = 56) | PVI + additional ablation (n = 62) | |
| | Age (years) | 63.7 ± 10.1 | 63.2 ± 9.9 | 64.1 ± 10.3 | 0.641 | | Male | 79 (66.9%) | 42 (75%) | 37 (59.7%) | 0.077 | | CAD | 48 (40.7%) | 25 (44.6%) | 23 (37.1%) | 0.405 | | Hypertension | 49 (41.5%) | 28 (50%) | 21 (33.9%) | 0.076 | | Diabetes mellitus | 25 (21.2%) | 13 (23.2%) | 12 (19.4%) | 0.608 | | Stroke/TIAs | 12 (10.2%) | 5 (8.9%) | 7 (11.3%) | 0.672 | | NYHA classification | | | | 0.493 | | I | 3 (2.5%) | 1 (1.8%) | 2 (3.2%) | — | | II | 41 (34.7%) | 22 (39.3%) | 19 (30.6%) | — | | III | 65 (55.1%) | 29 (51.8%) | 36 (58.1%) | — | | IV | 9 (7.6%) | 4 (7.1%) | 5 (8.1%) | — | | CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 0.429 | | LAD (mm) | 44.0 ± 4.9 | 43.7 ± 5.4 | 44.3 ± 4.5 | 0.519 | | LVD (mm) | 53.2 ± 6.2 | 53.8 ± 6.3 | 52.8 ± 6.1 | 0.426 | | LVEF (%) | 38.4 ± 8.7 | 37.1 ± 8.2 | 39.6 ± 9 | 0.117 | | AF duration (years) | 2.7 ± 1.8 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 0.370 | | Average HR (BPM) | 89.4 ± 17.11 | 88.8 ± 14.9 | 89.9 ± 18.8 | 0.768 | | BNP (pg/mL) | 465.3 [214.2, 745.6] | 431.4 [245.4, 821.7] | 376.9 [153.9, 738.8] | 0.455 | | Creatinine (μ mol/L) | 82.3 ± 20.6 | 84.3 ± 20.7 | 80.1 ± 20.4 | 0.318 | | ALT | 38.3 ± 27.9 | 38.8 ± 25.2 | 37.6 ± 31.0 | 0.836 | | AST | 30.6 ± 19.2 | 29.7 ± 15.7 | 31.5 ± 22.6 | 0.670 | | Hemoglobin (g/L) | 148.3 ± 17.4 | 150.4 ± 16.1 | 146.1 ± 18.6 | 0.224 | | HDL (mmol/L) | 2.2 ± 7.9 | 2.1 ± 7.5 | 2.4 ± 8.4 | 0.862 | | LDL (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 17.3 | 4.5 ± 16.1 | 5.3 ± 18.6 | 0.838 | | TC (mmol/L) | 9.1 ± 32.5 | 8.6 ± 31.0 | 9.6 ± 33.1 | 0.892 | | Procedure time (min) | 130.6 ± 12.0 | 123.1 ± 11.5 | 137.4 ± 7.5 | 0.001 | | Ablation time (min) | 94.9 ± 12.8 | 84.2 ± 7.9 | 104.5 ± 7.8 | 0.001 |
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BPM: beats per minute; CAD: coronary artery disease; TIA: transient ischemic attacks; LAD: left atrial diameter; LVD: left ventricular diameter; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; TC: total cholesterol.
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