Chaos in Ecology: The Topological Entropy of a Tritrophic Food Chain Model

Table 1

Kneading sequences	Characteristic polynomial	Topological entropy
𝑅𝐶	1−𝑡	0
𝑅𝐿𝑅𝐶	−1+𝑡+𝑡^2−𝑡^3	0
𝑅𝐿𝑅𝑅𝐶	−1+𝑡−𝑡^2−𝑡^3+𝑡^4	0.414013…
𝑅𝐿𝐶	−1−𝑡+𝑡^2	0.481212…
𝑅𝐿𝐿𝑅𝐶	1−𝑡−𝑡^2−𝑡^3+𝑡^4	0.543535…
𝑅𝐿𝐿𝐶	1+𝑡+𝑡^2−𝑡^3	0.609378…
𝑅𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐶	−1−𝑡−𝑡^2−𝑡^3+𝑡^4	0.656256…