Dynamics of a Birth-Pulse Single-Species Model with Restricted Toxin Input and Pulse Harvesting

Figure 2

Time series of population 𝑥(𝑡) in model (2.4) with parameter values 𝑘=1,𝑔=1.2,ℎ=2,𝑟=1,𝑑=0.4,𝑢=0.5,𝑇₁=0.25,𝐸=0.5,𝑞=3,and𝑛=10. (a)–(e) correspond to extinct solution, 1-period solution, 2-period solution, 4-period solution, and chaos for Ricker function, and 𝑏=2,25,100,160, and 270 respectively; (a')–(e') correspond to extinct solution, 1-period solution, 2-period solution, 4-period solution, and chaos for Beverton-Holt function, and 𝑏=6,9,11,12, and 17, respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(d)