Dynamics of a Birth-Pulse Single-Species Model with Restricted Toxin Input and Pulse Harvesting

Table 2

Critical value 𝑏_𝑐 of the parameter 𝑏 for each model. 𝑏 must be less than 𝑏_𝑐 for stability.

Function	𝑏𝑐	Interval of stability	Type of bifurcation
Ricker	𝑏^𝑅𝑐=(𝛽−1)𝑒^2𝛽/(𝛽−1)	𝑏^𝑅0<𝑏<𝑏^𝑅𝑐	Flip bifurcation
Beverton-Holt	𝑏^𝐵𝑐=𝑞(𝛽−1)/(1−2/𝑛(1−1/𝛽))	𝑏^𝐵0<𝑏<𝑏^𝐵𝑐	Flip bifurcation