Research Article | Open Access
K.-W. Hwang, D. V. Dolgy, T. Kim, S. H. Lee, "On the Higher-Order
On the Higher-Order q -Euler Numbers and Polynomials with Weight α
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to present a systemic study of some families of higher-order q-Euler numbers and polynomials with weight α. In particular, by using the fermionic p-adic q-integral on , we give a new concept of q-Euler numbers and polynomials with weight α.
1. Introduction
Let be a fixed odd prime. Throughout this paper , , , and , will, respectively, denote the ring of -adic rational integers, the field, of -adic rational numbers, the complex number field and the completion of algebraic closure of . Let be the set of natural numbers and . Let be the normalized exponential valuation of with (see [1–14]). When one speaks of -extension, can be regarded as an indeterminate, complex number , or -adic number ; it is always clear from context. If , we assume . If , then we assume (see [1–14]).
In this paper, we use the notation of -number as follows: (see [1–14]). Note that for any with in the -adic case.
Let be the space of continuous functions on . For , the fermionic -adic -integral on is defined by (see [4–7]).
From (1.2), we note that where .
It is well known that the ordinary Euler polynomials are defined by with the usual convention of replacing by .
In the special case, and are called the th Euler numbers (see [1–14]).
By (1.5), we get the following recurrence relation as follows:
Recently, -Euler numbers are defined by with the usual convention about replacing by (see [1–12]).
Note that .
For , the weight -Euler numbers are also defined by with the usual convention about replacing by (see [4]).
The purpose of this paper is to present a systemic study of some families of higher-order -Euler numbers and polynomials with weight . In particular, by using the fermionic -adic -integral on , we give a new concept of -Euler numbers and polynomials with weight .
2. Higher-Order -Euler Numbers and Polynomials with Weight
For , and , let us consider the expansion of higher-order -Euler polynomials with weight as follows: From (1.2) and (2.1), we note that: In the special case, , are called the higher-order -Euler numbers with weight .
By (2.1), we get
From (2.1), we can derive the following equation:
By (2.1), (2.2), (2.3), and (2.4), we see that
Therefore, we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 2.1. For and , one has
By simple calculation, we easily see that
3. Polynomials
We now consider the polynomials (in ) by
By (3.1), we get
From (3.1) and (3.2), we can derive the following equation:
Therefore, by (3.2) and (3.3), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 3.1. For and , one has where and .
Let with . Then we have
Thus, by (3.5), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 3.2. For with , one has Moreover,
By (3.1), we get where .
Thus, we note that
4. Polynomials
Let us define polynomials as follows:
From (4.1), we have
By the calculation of the fermionic -adic -integral on , we see that
Thus, by (4.3), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 4.1. For and , one has
It is easy to show that with the usual convention about replacing by .
From , we have
For in (4.7), we have
Therefore, by (4.8), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 4.2. For and , one has with the usual convention about replacing by .
From the fermionic -adic -integral on , we easily get
By (4.1), we see that
Therefore, by (4.11), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 4.3. For , , and , one has In particular, for , one gets
Let with . Then one has
Therefore, by (4.14), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 4.4 (Multiplication formula). For with , we have
5. Polynomials and
In (2.1), we know that Thus, we get
Therefore, by (2.1) and (5.2), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 5.1. For , and , one has
Note that
Therefore, by (5.4), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 5.2. For , one has
Let with . Then we get
Therefore, by (5.6), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 5.3. For with , one has
Let . Then we get
Therefore, by (5.8), we obtain the following theorem.
Theorem 5.4. For , one has
Let in Theorem 5.4. Then we see that
From (4.6) and Theorem 5.1, we note that
It is easy to show that
By simple calculation, we get
From (5.13), we note that with the usual convention about replacing by .
Put in (5.11); we get
Thus, we have with the usual convention about replacing by .
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the Dong-A University research fund.
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Copyright
Copyright © 2011 K.-W. Hwang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.