Research Article

Complex Dynamics of Discrete SEIS Models with Simple Demography

Figure 7

(a) Double backward bifurcations for model (3.10). The upper one occurs when . (b) Forward-backward bifurcation for model (3.10). The upper one occurs when . Dotted lines represent unstable equilibria, and solid lines represent stable ones.
653937.fig.007a
(a) Multiply backward bifurcation
653937.fig.007b
(b) Forward-backward bifurcation