Hypercrater Bifurcations, Attractor Coexistence, and Unfolding in a 5D Model of Economic Dynamics

Figure 3

Bifurcation diagram (of 𝑌₂) and Lyapunov exponent for 𝛼=1, 𝛽=0.8, and various starting values of 𝑌₂, resulting from numerical experiments designed to detect the interval of attractor coexistence and the “invisible” repelling CIC of the subcritical bifurcation.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)