An Algorithm for Global Optimization Inspired by Collective Animal Behavior

Table 12

Unimodal test functions.

Test function	S	𝑓opt
𝑓1(𝐱)=∑^𝑛𝑖=1𝑥^2𝑖	[−100,100]^𝑛	0
𝑓2(𝐱)=∑^𝑛𝑖=1|𝑥𝑖|+∏^𝑛𝑖=1|𝑥𝑖|	[−10,10]^𝑛	0
𝑓3(𝐱)=∑^𝑛𝑖=1(∑^𝑖𝑗=1𝑥𝑗)^2	[−100,100]^𝑛	0
𝑓4(𝐱)=max𝑖{|𝑥𝑖|,1≤𝑖≤𝑛}	[−100,100]^𝑛	0
𝑓5(𝐱)=∑^𝑛−1𝑖=1[100(𝑥𝑖+1−𝑥^2𝑖)^2+(𝑥𝑖−1)^2]	[−30,30]^𝑛	0
𝑓6(𝐱)=∑^𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖+0.5)^2	[−100,100]^𝑛	0
𝑓7(𝐱)=∑^𝑛𝑖=1𝑖𝑥^4𝑖+rand(0,1)	[−1.28,1.28]^𝑛	0