Effects of Calcium-Channel Noise on Dynamics of Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Paced Cardiac Cells

Figure 1

Bifurcation diagrams of system (11) with respect to peak calcium. (a) Peak calcium 𝑐^𝑝 versus total calcium 𝑐_𝑡,𝜖=0, with 𝑔(𝑥)=𝑥[1−(1−0.05)/(1+𝑒^{(𝑥−0.9)/0.06})], 𝑤=0.6, and 𝛼=2. (b) Peak calcium 𝑐^𝑝 versus the proportionality parameter 𝑤,𝜖=0, with the same 𝛼 and 𝑔 in (a), and 𝑐_𝑡=2.1. (c) 𝜖=0.2, under the other conditions same as in (a). (d) 𝜖=0.05, under the other conditions same as in (b).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)