Effects of Calcium-Channel Noise on Dynamics of Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Paced Cardiac Cells

Figure 3

Hopf bifurcation for the coupled system (10), plots of peak calcium 𝑐^𝑝 versus APD, where 𝑇=0.27,𝑤=0.478, and the other parameters are the same as that in Figure 2. (a) 𝜖=0, and 𝑐_𝑡=1.9. (b) 𝜖=0, and 𝑐_𝑡=1.85. (c) 𝜖=0.02, under the other conditions same as in (b). (d) 𝜖=0.1, under the other conditions same as in (b).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)