Effects of Empty Sites on Cooperation in the Prisoner’s Dilemma Game Based on Social Diversity

Figure 4

Snapshots of typical distributions of cooperators (white), defectors (black), and empty sites (green) on the square lattice for different values of 𝜌 when 𝑏=1.15, 𝜇=0.5, and 𝛼=3.0: (a) 𝜌=1.0; (b) 𝜌=0.9; (c) 𝜌=0.8; (d) 𝜌=0.4.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)