Chaos and Bifurcations of a Leslie-Gower Food Chain with Strong Allee Effect

Figure 1

Hopf bifurcation induced, respectively, by and . (a) Hopf and period-doubling bifurcations are exhibited with , , , , , , , , and . (b) Hopf and saddle-node bifurcations when , , , , , , , , and where the black square denotes saddle-node bifurcation. The blue solid and the dash lines denote stable and unstable states, respectively. The green and blue circle lines are used to mark the periodic solution bifurcating from .

(a)

(b)