Research on the Low Frequency Broadband Piezoelectric-Magnetostrictive Hybrid Transducer

Table 3

Material properties and description of Hybrid transducer.

Components	Material property (ANSYS standard)	Element type, option, and description (in ANSYS)
Piezoelectric stack (piezoelectric ceramic)	Density: 7600 kg/m^3; Stiffness coefficients matrix (×10^10 N/m^2); Piezoelectric stress matrix (C/m^2); Relative permittivity matrix ()	Element type: SOLID 98; Options: Keyopt() = 3 to activate the DOF: UX, UY, UZ, VOLT; Description: when modeling, the right input order of material properties and appropriate element coordinate are necessary
Magnetostrictive stack (Tefernol_D) [13]	Density: 9250 kg/m^3; Compliance coefficients matrix (×10^−11 m^2/N); Piezomagnetic charge matrix (×10^−9 m/A); Relative permeability matrix ()	Element type: SOLID 98; Options: Keyopt() = 3 to activate the DOF: UX, UY, UZ, VOLT; Description: when modeling, the right input order of material properties and appropriate element coordinate are necessary
Radiating head (aluminum alloy)	Density: 2700 kg/m^3; Young’s modulus: 7.1 × 10^10 N/m^2; Poisson’s ratio: 0.33	Element type: SOLID 98; Options: Keyopt() = 2 to activate the DOF: UX, UY, UZ
Center mass; Tail mass (steel)	Density: 7840 kg/m^3; Young’s modulus: 2.16 × 10^11 N/m^2; Poisson’s ratio: 0.28	Element type: SOLID 98; Options: Keyopt() = 2 to activate the DOF: UX, UY, UZ
Water medium (water)	Density: 1000 kg/m^3; Velocity of sound: 1481 m/s	Element type: FLUID 30; Options: Keyopt() = 0 to activate the DOF: UX, UY, UZ and PRES; Keyopt() = 1 to active the DOF: PRES
Boundary	Density: 1000 kg/m^3; Velocity of sound: 1481 m/s	Element type: FLUID 130; Real constant: RAD will be specified as the radius of the spherical boundary of the finite domain