Research Article
A Location-Inventory-Routing Problem in Forward and Reverse Logistics Network Design
Table 3
Results of different return rates.
| Prob. ID | | | | | TS | NTS | Gap 1 (%) | UB | Time | UB | Time |
| P1 | 0.1 | 20 | 5 | 70 | 67617 | 3.22 | 67617 | 2.66 | 0.00 | 0.2 | 67522 | 3.38 | 67522 | 3.48 | 0.00 | 0.3 | 67423 | 3.64 | 67423 | 3.14 | 0.00 | 0.4 | 67568 | 2.73 | 67320 | 3.28 | −0.37 | 0.5 | 67293 | 4.69 | 67211 | 3.22 | −0.12 | 0.6 | 67094 | 3.26 | 67094 | 2.95 | 0.00 | 0.7 | 66966 | 3.19 | 66966 | 2.77 | 0.00 | 0.8 | 66904 | 3.15 | 66822 | 3.67 | −0.12 | 0.9 | 66646 | 2.68 | 66646 | 3.15 | 0.00 |
| P2 | 0.1 | 20 | 5 | 150 | 42972 | 2.54 | 42972 | 2.87 | 0.00 | 0.2 | 42969 | 2.43 | 42969 | 2.96 | 0.00 | 0.3 | 42965 | 3.07 | 42965 | 2.57 | 0.00 | 0.4 | 42961 | 3.40 | 42961 | 2.66 | 0.00 | 0.5 | 42955 | 3.00 | 42955 | 3.18 | 0.00 | 0.6 | 42948 | 2.63 | 42948 | 2.92 | 0.00 | 0.7 | 42939 | 2.68 | 42939 | 3.08 | 0.00 | 0.8 | 42927 | 2.66 | 42927 | 3.02 | 0.00 | 0.9 | 42908 | 2.47 | 42908 | 3.04 | 0.00 |
| P3 | 0.1 | 20 | 5 | 70 | 61544 | 2.70 | 61296 | 2.68 | −0.40 | 0.2 | 61175 | 3.14 | 61175 | 3.40 | 0.00 | 0.3 | 61050 | 2.68 | 61050 | 2.99 | 0.00 | 0.4 | 61011 | 3.16 | 60921 | 2.91 | −0.15 | 0.5 | 60786 | 2.62 | 60786 | 2.98 | 0.00 | 0.6 | 60733 | 2.55 | 60644 | 2.81 | −0.15 | 0.7 | 60492 | 2.99 | 60492 | 3.23 | 0.00 | 0.8 | 60325 | 2.87 | 60325 | 3.10 | 0.00 | 0.9 | 60308 | 3.18 | 60127 | 3.19 | −0.30 |
| P4 | 0.1 | 20 | 5 | 150 | 40396 | 2.56 | 40396 | 2.71 | 0.00 | 0.2 | 40395 | 2.58 | 40395 | 2.63 | 0.00 | 0.3 | 40393 | 2.64 | 40393 | 2.94 | 0.00 | 0.4 | 40390 | 2.68 | 40390 | 2.41 | 0.00 | 0.5 | 40386 | 2.66 | 40386 | 3.12 | 0.00 | 0.6 | 40381 | 2.53 | 40381 | 2.46 | 0.00 | 0.7 | 40373 | 2.68 | 40373 | 2.66 | 0.00 | 0.8 | 40363 | 2.46 | 40363 | 2.63 | 0.00 | 0.9 | 40346 | 2.88 | 40346 | 2.61 | 0.00 |
| P5 | 0.1 | 50 | 5 | 70 | 117680 | 36.19 | 116409 | 34.62 | −1.08 | 0.2 | 115813 | 32.65 | 115115 | 31.58 | −0.60 | 0.3 | 114965 | 30.64 | 114542 | 31.43 | −0.37 | 0.4 | 115279 | 30.7 | 114927 | 31.34 | −0.31 | 0.5 | 116446 | 26.22 | 115078 | 30.92 | −1.17 | 0.6 | 114151 | 30.48 | 114039 | 31.18 | −0.10 | 0.7 | 114504 | 31.34 | 114190 | 32.04 | −0.27 | 0.8 | 115578 | 28.66 | 114239 | 26.56 | −1.16 | 0.9 | 112326 | 31.31 | 112310 | 33.62 | −0.01 |
| P6 | 0.1 | 50 | 5 | 150 | 87885 | 20.30 | 87678 | 24.04 | −0.24 | 0.2 | 87289 | 23.82 | 86748 | 27.87 | −0.62 | 0.3 | 88191 | 23.95 | 87140 | 24.59 | −1.19 | 0.4 | 89497 | 20.47 | 86970 | 23.87 | −2.82 | 0.5 | 87240 | 21.81 | 86955 | 24.84 | −0.33 | 0.6 | 87233 | 24.34 | 86283 | 24.26 | −1.09 | 0.7 | 86366 | 24.17 | 86173 | 21.05 | −0.22 | 0.8 | 85494 | 22.81 | 84771 | 24.78 | −0.85 | 0.9 | 84673 | 23.93 | 84358 | 24.24 | −0.37 |
| P7 | 0.1 | 50 | 5 | 70 | 122232 | 26.84 | 121605 | 22.23 | −0.51 | 0.2 | 121038 | 26.14 | 120826 | 26.16 | −0.18 | 0.3 | 121147 | 26.17 | 120530 | 26.66 | −0.51 | 0.4 | 120239 | 26.41 | 119945 | 26.86 | −0.24 | 0.5 | 120223 | 26.11 | 119788 | 26.03 | −0.36 | 0.6 | 119636 | 26.05 | 119545 | 28.81 | −0.08 | 0.7 | 119795 | 25.50 | 119440 | 32.04 | −0.30 | 0.8 | 119994 | 26.05 | 119100 | 27.80 | −0.75 | 0.9 | 119728 | 25.72 | 118222 | 27.31 | −1.26 |
| P8 | 0.1 | 50 | 5 | 150 | 99470 | 26.38 | 99178 | 27.75 | −0.29 | 0.2 | 99455 | 25.21 | 99319 | 25.61 | −0.14 | 0.3 | 100163 | 28.65 | 98682 | 21.78 | −1.48 | 0.4 | 98722 | 25.14 | 98642 | 25.32 | −0.08 | 0.5 | 98930 | 25.27 | 98617 | 27.10 | −0.32 | 0.6 | 98131 | 24.90 | 98056 | 26.23 | −0.08 | 0.7 | 98723 | 25.60 | 97815 | 23.55 | −0.92 | 0.8 | 97633 | 25.78 | 97296 | 33.13 | −0.35 | 0.9 | 97752 | 25.43 | 96882 | 26.07 | −0.89 |
| P9 | 0.1 | 50 | 5 | 70 | 86438 | 25.22 | 86398 | 29.74 | −0.05 | 0.2 | 86031 | 22.20 | 85926 | 28.47 | −0.12 | 0.3 | 86300 | 25.01 | 85635 | 21.50 | −0.77 | 0.4 | 85292 | 21.61 | 85283 | 22.87 | −0.01 | 0.5 | 85084 | 24.46 | 84834 | 28.05 | −0.29 | 0.6 | 84628 | 23.10 | 84495 | 28.72 | −0.16 | 0.7 | 84358 | 24.98 | 84116 | 22.87 | −0.29 | 0.8 | 83239 | 21.88 | 83103 | 21.64 | −0.16 | 0.9 | 83386 | 22.48 | 82806 | 25.97 | −0.70 |
| P10 | 0.1 | 50 | 5 | 150 | 115321 | 25.76 | 115143 | 28.26 | −0.15 | 0.2 | 114968 | 26.16 | 114609 | 21.55 | −0.31 | 0.3 | 114628 | 27.12 | 114347 | 24.59 | −0.25 | 0.4 | 114620 | 26.62 | 113993 | 27.86 | −0.55 | 0.5 | 114243 | 25.93 | 113821 | 27.95 | −0.37 | 0.6 | 113720 | 26.05 | 113461 | 29.29 | −0.23 | 0.7 | 113367 | 22.95 | 113204 | 28.36 | −0.14 | 0.8 | 113157 | 26.73 | 112657 | 28.41 | −0.44 | 0.9 | 112518 | 32.52 | 111908 | 26.90 | −0.54 |
| P11 | 0.1 | 50 | 5 | 70 | 112376 | 26.82 | 111843 | 32.35 | −0.47 | 0.2 | 111582 | 25.94 | 111286 | 27.18 | −0.27 | 0.3 | 111920 | 23.13 | 111054 | 29.51 | −0.77 | 0.4 | 111642 | 24.91 | 110986 | 28.05 | −0.59 | 0.5 | 111345 | 23.08 | 110891 | 27.75 | −0.41 | 0.6 | 110712 | 26.11 | 110203 | 28.93 | −0.46 | 0.7 | 110789 | 25.79 | 109949 | 29.03 | −0.76 | 0.8 | 110232 | 25.79 | 109923 | 28.18 | −0.28 | 0.9 | 109797 | 24.80 | 109042 | 32.89 | −0.69 |
| P12 | 0.1 | 50 | 5 | 150 | 85505 | 24.69 | 85246 | 27.45 | −0.30 | 0.2 | 85187 | 24.25 | 85019 | 23.92 | −0.20 | 0.3 | 84879 | 24.73 | 84757 | 24.78 | −0.14 | 0.4 | 84797 | 28.33 | 84337 | 30.83 | −0.54 | 0.5 | 84312 | 25.84 | 83955 | 28.38 | −0.42 | 0.6 | 84053 | 26.65 | 83933 | 21.82 | −0.14 | 0.7 | 83933 | 26.31 | 83358 | 31.33 | −0.69 | 0.8 | 83651 | 26.92 | 82897 | 29.92 | −0.90 | 0.9 | 82655 | 23.22 | 82439 | 26.95 | −0.26 |
| P13 | 0.1 | 100 | 5 | 70 | 343359 | 189.12 | 341812 | 146.89 | −0.45 | 0.2 | 346569 | 187.44 | 343870 | 187.75 | −0.78 | 0.3 | 345210 | 169.49 | 342124 | 141.65 | −0.89 | 0.4 | 348100 | 180.08 | 345668 | 190.9 | −0.70 | 0.5 | 349269 | 159.25 | 343318 | 184.88 | −1.70 | 0.6 | 347719 | 182.23 | 343891 | 162.19 | −1.10 | 0.7 | 349525 | 182.84 | 342643 | 169.88 | −1.97 | 0.8 | 349171 | 160.17 | 341151 | 158.68 | −2.30 | 0.9 | 351251 | 182.08 | 349382 | 186.92 | −0.53 |
| P14 | 0.1 | 100 | 5 | 150 | 282054 | 135.84 | 281389 | 190.02 | −0.24 | 0.2 | 281199 | 128.94 | 279541 | 151.39 | −0.59 | 0.3 | 279903 | 155.98 | 279153 | 160.32 | −0.27 | 0.4 | 278748 | 161.52 | 277988 | 130.87 | −0.27 | 0.5 | 279806 | 152.32 | 278460 | 162.29 | −0.48 | 0.6 | 280003 | 188.32 | 279155 | 127.99 | −0.30 | 0.7 | 280823 | 126.66 | 278542 | 171.61 | −0.81 | 0.8 | 276206 | 136.94 | 275974 | 138.12 | −0.08 | 0.9 | 276528 | 157.65 | 275917 | 163.14 | −0.22 |
| P15 | 0.1 | 100 | 5 | 70 | 246010 | 156.28 | 245337 | 148.54 | −0.27 | 0.2 | 245120 | 175.84 | 244537 | 172.42 | −0.24 | 0.3 | 244563 | 154.52 | 243754 | 154.32 | −0.33 | 0.4 | 243537 | 154.53 | 243124 | 133.88 | −0.17 | 0.5 | 242570 | 120.21 | 241529 | 192.88 | −0.43 | 0.6 | 241778 | 171.75 | 241435 | 150.70 | −0.14 | 0.7 | 240726 | 153.04 | 240237 | 138.58 | −0.20 | 0.8 | 239819 | 149.01 | 239716 | 153.79 | −0.04 | 0.9 | 238793 | 145.75 | 238624 | 144.34 | −0.07 |
| P16 | 0.1 | 100 | 5 | 150 | 209027 | 131.28 | 208711 | 153.17 | −0.15 | 0.2 | 208060 | 149.78 | 207229 | 157.39 | −0.40 | 0.3 | 206328 | 167.99 | 205454 | 200.44 | −0.42 | 0.4 | 207220 | 154.39 | 205877 | 195.70 | −0.65 | 0.5 | 206676 | 163.29 | 205654 | 172.25 | −0.49 | 0.6 | 204833 | 137.78 | 204547 | 168.87 | −0.14 | 0.7 | 204402 | 137.86 | 204284 | 153.95 | −0.06 | 0.8 | 203509 | 173.04 | 203068 | 191.72 | −0.22 | 0.9 | 203695 | 153.95 | 201648 | 146.62 | −1.00 |
| P17 | 0.1 | 100 | 5 | 70 | 259816 | 195.04 | 258025 | 149.48 | −0.69 | 0.2 | 258004 | 164.99 | 256937 | 193.31 | −0.41 | 0.3 | 256120 | 124.51 | 256057 | 123.60 | −0.02 | 0.4 | 254658 | 130.21 | 254594 | 150.79 | −0.03 | 0.5 | 254764 | 133.42 | 253722 | 165.32 | −0.41 | 0.6 | 255047 | 155.20 | 252587 | 151.01 | −0.96 | 0.7 | 250732 | 153.72 | 249812 | 149.22 | −0.37 | 0.8 | 253732 | 182.23 | 249612 | 167.72 | −1.62 | 0.9 | 252906 | 168.49 | 249337 | 157.79 | −1.41 |
| P18 | 0.1 | 100 | 5 | 150 | 204826 | 145.28 | 204678 | 191.50 | −0.07 | 0.2 | 205474 | 172.75 | 204621 | 193.28 | −0.42 | 0.3 | 203254 | 167.53 | 202691 | 155.11 | −0.28 | 0.4 | 203120 | 148.82 | 201380 | 121.34 | −0.86 | 0.5 | 202003 | 122.00 | 201329 | 145.70 | −0.33 | 0.6 | 200401 | 145.62 | 199858 | 151.80 | −0.27 | 0.7 | 199032 | 147.58 | 198618 | 155.51 | −0.21 | 0.8 | 198858 | 153.76 | 197776 | 145.95 | −0.54 | 0.9 | 199502 | 134.57 | 197513 | 150.85 | −1.00 |
| P19 | 0.1 | 100 | 10 | 70 | 414613 | 171.01 | 401365 | 198.5 | −3.20 | 0.2 | 413680 | 164.18 | 400546 | 204.34 | −3.17 | 0.3 | 420538 | 167.47 | 399896 | 195.42 | −4.91 | 0.4 | 414460 | 154.11 | 394054 | 202.68 | −4.92 | 0.5 | 411688 | 158.96 | 395828 | 211.36 | −3.85 | 0.6 | 412339 | 162.17 | 394750 | 213.73 | −4.27 | 0.7 | 410641 | 163.97 | 394617 | 210.72 | −3.90 | 0.8 | 409561 | 181.48 | 394513 | 218.27 | −3.67 | 0.9 | 408967 | 178.1 | 394294 | 201.13 | −3.59 |
| P20 | 0.1 | 100 | 10 | 150 | 365982 | 113.65 | 362144 | 114.33 | −1.05 | 0.2 | 365164 | 111.79 | 361157 | 142.29 | −1.10 | 0.3 | 365868 | 117.97 | 349578 | 113.22 | −4.45 | 0.4 | 365307 | 145.30 | 349277 | 144.62 | −4.39 | 0.5 | 366266 | 115.01 | 348378 | 158.55 | −4.88 | 0.6 | 363989 | 151.05 | 348198 | 117.37 | −4.34 | 0.7 | 113367 | 22.95 | 113204 | 28.36 | −0.14 | 0.8 | 113157 | 26.73 | 112657 | 28.41 | −0.44 | 0.9 | 112518 | 32.52 | 111908 | 26.90 | −0.54 |
| P21 | 0.1 | 100 | 10 | 70 | 330001 | 132.05 | 323564 | 131.91 | −1.95 | 0.2 | 329657 | 155.75 | 322848 | 178.39 | −2.07 | 0.3 | 329303 | 166.30 | 322162 | 176.31 | −2.17 | 0.4 | 328939 | 160.91 | 321756 | 167.07 | −2.18 | 0.5 | 328561 | 167.71 | 321589 | 152.01 | −2.12 | 0.6 | 328166 | 166.06 | 321183 | 182.85 | −2.13 | 0.7 | 327744 | 132.12 | 321102 | 174.83 | −2.03 | 0.8 | 327281 | 133.30 | 320160 | 179.93 | −2.18 | 0.9 | 326742 | 134.59 | 319244 | 188.47 | −2.29 |
| P22 | 0.1 | 100 | 10 | 150 | 281700 | 140.71 | 278464 | 129.13 | −1.15 | 0.2 | 285498 | 140.01 | 278181 | 179.95 | −2.56 | 0.3 | 285035 | 128.87 | 277760 | 184.58 | −2.55 | 0.4 | 282821 | 157.09 | 277349 | 159.42 | −1.93 | 0.5 | 284563 | 129.31 | 277133 | 181.07 | −2.61 | 0.6 | 284057 | 152.07 | 276776 | 183.34 | −2.56 | 0.7 | 280960 | 129.57 | 276530 | 172.01 | −1.58 | 0.8 | 282955 | 157.32 | 276208 | 181.27 | −2.38 | 0.9 | 278306 | 132.02 | 273261 | 178.52 | −1.81 |
| P23 | 0.1 | 100 | 10 | 70 | 399113 | 125.10 | 375576 | 164.77 | −5.90 | 0.2 | 396761 | 146.84 | 371533 | 160.97 | −6.36 | 0.3 | 397280 | 168.97 | 360348 | 155.58 | −9.30 | 0.4 | 396341 | 139.25 | 347788 | 175.99 | −12.25 | 0.5 | 393942 | 143.91 | 346723 | 183.96 | −11.99 | 0.6 | 392957 | 153.30 | 344273 | 145.58 | −12.39 | 0.7 | 393378 | 159.10 | 325508 | 172.95 | −17.25 | 0.8 | 390858 | 130.43 | 325392 | 172.15 | −16.75 | 0.9 | 391111 | 140.30 | 322910 | 167.81 | −17.44 |
| P24 | 0.1 | 100 | 10 | 150 | 297873 | 126.28 | 296530 | 138.04 | −0.45 | 0.2 | 295735 | 139.68 | 294394 | 164.50 | −0.45 | 0.3 | 334584 | 138.60 | 292118 | 173.75 | −12.69 | 0.4 | 334011 | 152.64 | 288251 | 183.57 | −13.70 | 0.5 | 345871 | 130.23 | 287245 | 142.65 | −16.95 | 0.6 | 343622 | 150.07 | 286258 | 149.21 | −16.69 | 0.7 | 344063 | 132.18 | 285833 | 132.30 | −16.92 | 0.8 | 343388 | 151.00 | 285505 | 145.31 | −16.86 | 0.9 | 342624 | 161.02 | 276622 | 165.18 | −19.26 |
| P25 | 0.1 | 200 | 10 | 70 | 665405 | 1003.37 | 646837 | 1358.56 | −2.79 | 0.2 | 663368 | 1022.24 | 646011 | 1275.81 | −2.62 | 0.3 | 662357 | 840.78 | 645933 | 1052.16 | −2.48 | 0.4 | 660795 | 819.73 | 643790 | 900.59 | −2.57 | 0.5 | 660155 | 819.55 | 641200 | 1170.31 | −2.87 | 0.6 | 657577 | 835.74 | 640619 | 1172.54 | −2.58 | 0.7 | 655423 | 831.23 | 640582 | 851.98 | −2.26 | 0.8 | 654409 | 830.95 | 637338 | 858.12 | −2.61 | 0.9 | 653286 | 792.33 | 622908 | 836.45 | −4.65 |
| P26 | 0.1 | 200 | 10 | 150 | 573667 | 753.47 | 553421 | 1069.24 | −3.53 | 0.2 | 570023 | 765.06 | 551891 | 1297.82 | −3.18 | 0.3 | 569666 | 776.15 | 537807 | 1069.80 | −5.59 | 0.4 | 567939 | 797.95 | 535782 | 1163.39 | −5.66 | 0.5 | 564777 | 900.56 | 535225 | 1108.99 | −5.23 | 0.6 | 564413 | 887.18 | 535083 | 1195.13 | −5.20 | 0.7 | 562167 | 849.13 | 531505 | 1236.66 | −5.45 | 0.8 | 560098 | 799.95 | 514584 | 1157.03 | −8.13 | 0.9 | 557554 | 864.90 | 513652 | 1023.90 | −7.87 |
| P27 | 0.1 | 200 | 10 | 70 | 661785 | 1384.45 | 631700 | 1228.42 | −4.55 | 0.2 | 662602 | 1317.90 | 630853 | 969.39 | −4.79 | 0.3 | 647333 | 1144.41 | 630036 | 1119.12 | −2.67 | 0.4 | 647377 | 1238.22 | 625782 | 1060.19 | −3.34 | 0.5 | 647837 | 955.81 | 625659 | 1159.76 | −3.42 | 0.6 | 651234 | 972.11 | 624175 | 1104.26 | −4.16 | 0.7 | 643657 | 994.18 | 623635 | 1203.08 | −3.11 | 0.8 | 648507 | 1007.51 | 618926 | 1251.66 | −4.56 | 0.9 | 640631 | 974.55 | 617253 | 1352.17 | −3.65 |
| P28 | 0.1 | 200 | 10 | 150 | 560151 | 1039.68 | 554838 | 901.12 | −0.95 | 0.2 | 567066 | 805.96 | 552250 | 1205.61 | −2.61 | 0.3 | 565177 | 1107.27 | 551150 | 1429.66 | −2.48 | 0.4 | 551554 | 1150.46 | 546455 | 1283.46 | −0.92 | 0.5 | 550006 | 845.09 | 546211 | 901.12 | −0.69 | 0.6 | 548151 | 679.59 | 543161 | 850.63 | −0.91 | 0.7 | 546181 | 835.08 | 539990 | 965.50 | −1.13 | 0.8 | 545049 | 869.30 | 538293 | 1444.22 | −1.24 | 0.9 | 543203 | 937.76 | 522946 | 1065.27 | −3.73 |
| P29 | 0.1 | 200 | 10 | 70 | 621423 | 1031.98 | 619749 | 810.58 | −0.27 | 0.2 | 624921 | 755.35 | 618833 | 817.09 | −0.97 | 0.3 | 620040 | 711.57 | 617782 | 991.29 | −0.36 | 0.4 | 617601 | 867.88 | 615738 | 958.45 | −0.30 | 0.5 | 623408 | 1135.24 | 614301 | 1168.53 | −1.46 | 0.6 | 614480 | 799.56 | 612048 | 1337.13 | −0.40 | 0.7 | 612960 | 1095.73 | 611365 | 948.58 | −0.26 | 0.8 | 611261 | 1126.74 | 609791 | 969.75 | −0.24 | 0.9 | 609581 | 846.60 | 608927 | 712.33 | −0.11 |
| P30 | 0.1 | 200 | 10 | 150 | 522946 | 935.56 | 520709 | 1214.20 | −0.43 | 0.2 | 521952 | 696.92 | 518710 | 871.10 | −0.62 | 0.3 | 520505 | 730.31 | 516812 | 1182.22 | −0.71 | 0.4 | 519262 | 780.89 | 516352 | 1289.81 | −0.56 | 0.5 | 517999 | 707.29 | 516019 | 1335.97 | −0.38 | 0.6 | 516930 | 1052.88 | 515388 | 1212.71 | −0.30 | 0.7 | 515604 | 954.61 | 513938 | 1054.47 | −0.32 | 0.8 | 514221 | 687.26 | 511705 | 1073.18 | −0.49 | 0.9 | 497335 | 1020.75 | 492080 | 1113.48 | −1.06 |
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