Describing Urban Evolution with the Fractal Parameters Based on Area-Perimeter Allometry

Figure 3

The relationships between reciprocal of the boundary dimension and the compactness ratio of the cities and towns in Yangtze River Delta, China (1985–2005) [note: for 1985, the fractal dimension of Deqing is less than 0 and is removed as an outlier].

(a) 1985

(b) 1996

(c) 2005