Describing Urban Evolution with the Fractal Parameters Based on Area-Perimeter Allometry

<table class="table-group" id="tab4"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left" rowspan="2">Year</td><td class="align_center" colspan="3">Global estimation</td><td class="align_center" colspan="3">Local average</td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 13.0032ptpx;"><svg height="11.927pt" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 13.0032 11.927" width="13.0032pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z" id="g113-69"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" 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transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"><path d="M238 675C244 702 241 710 231 710C220 710 155 682 74 673L70 643H101C147 643 151 635 142 594L39 111C18 11 36 -12 55 -12C89 -12 170 38 223 103L207 129C176 98 130 68 118 68C113 68 108 72 114 102L238 675Z" id="g50-109"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="271" vert-adv-y="271"></glyph.data></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 14.8939ptpx;"><svg height="11.927pt" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.8939 11.927" width="14.8939pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z" id="g113-69"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="766" vert-adv-y="766"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"><path d="M620 667C620 684 593 710 552 710C515 710 459 687 409 634C360 582 334 506 320 433H247L215 400L220 388H310L259 80C224 -129 199 -161 185 -174C175 -183 160 -192 141 -192C123 -192 90 -181 75 -165C69 -158 64 -156 54 -164C39 -178 24 -195 24 -208C24 -231 61 -257 94 -257C124 -257 162 -243 209 -194C267 -134 303 -66 343 107C369 220 378 279 393 385L503 397L523 433H404C432 619 464 660 500 660C522 660 542 646 566 621C573 614 583 615 593 621C603 628 620 648 620 667Z" id="g50-103"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="644" vert-adv-y="644"></glyph.data></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">1985</td><td class="align_center">1.3926</td><td class="align_center">1.1963</td><td class="align_center">1.7181</td><td class="align_center">1.3636</td><td class="align_center">1.1818</td><td class="align_center">1.7069</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">1996</td><td class="align_center">1.4774</td><td class="align_center">1.2387</td><td class="align_center">1.6769</td><td class="align_center">1.4722</td><td class="align_center">1.2361</td><td class="align_center">1.6933</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">2005</td><td class="align_center">1.4532</td><td class="align_center">1.2266</td><td class="align_center">1.6882</td><td class="align_center">1.4545</td><td class="align_center">1.2272</td><td class="align_center">1.6957</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Average</td><td class="align_center">1.4411</td><td class="align_center">1.2205</td><td class="align_center">1.6944</td><td class="align_center">1.4301</td><td class="align_center">1.2150</td><td class="align_center">1.6986</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="7"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

A comparison between the global fractal parameters and the average local fractal parameters of the cities and towns in Yangtze River Delta, China (1985–2005).

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

tab4

Table 4

Table 4: Describing Urban Evolution with the Fractal Parameters Based on Area-Perimeter Allometry 