Residential Environment Induced Preference Heterogeneity for River Ecosystem Service Improvements: A Comparison between Urban and Rural Households in the Wei River Basin, China
Table 6
Mixed logit model results.
Variables
All respondents
Urban residents
Rural residents
(pooled dataset)
(subgroup)
(subgroup)
Nonrandom parameter
Cost
−0.0421 (0.0079)
−0.0213 (0.0032)
−0.0321 (0.0050)
Mean (standard errors) of random parameters
Forest coverage
0.4090 (0.1036)
0.2822 (0.0652)
0.1966 (0.0908)
Water quality
−3.7431 (0.7648)
−2.5160 (0.4421)
−2.4641 (0.6179)
Water quantity
0.4715 (0.1183)
0.3441 (0.0825)
0.2589 (0.0951)
Erosion area
0.1610 (0.0442)
0.1000 (0.0268)
0.1052 (0.0425)
Erosion intensity
−1.0143 (0.2249)
−0.7877 (0.1355)
−0.4738 (0.1879)
Landscape
0.1347 (0.0296)
0.0646 (0.0155)
0.1213 (0.0261)
Tour
0.1115 (0.0358)
0.0493 (0.0247)
0.1439 (0.0368)
Standard deviation of random parameters
Forest coverage
1.0367 (0.2373)
0.5546 (0.1051)
0.8733 (0.1894)
Water quality
6.3408 (1.0858)
3.5856 (0.4384)
4.6882 (0.6362)
Water quantity
1.1997 (0.2552)
0.5862 (0.1105)
0.8576 (0.1816)
Erosion area
0.4963 (0.0978)
0.3124 (0.0577)
0.3401 (0.0843)
Erosion intensity
1.6762 (0.3697)
0.6448 (0.2883)
1.7565 (0.3276)
Landscape
0.1775 (0.0381)
0.0500 (0.0301)
0.1333 (0.0381)
Tour
0.4512 (0.0861)
0.2586 (0.0494)
0.2966 (0.0660)
Model statistics
Log-likelihood (LL)
−2355.8853
−1158.7675
−1197.8596
Pseudo-
0.1167
0.0999
0.1169
Number of obs.
900
427
473
Note: , , and denote significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively.
