Solving a Closed-Loop Location-Inventory-Routing Problem with Mixed Quality Defects Returns in E-Commerce by Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Table 4

Results with different ρ (cost: million CNY; iterations: number).

ρ		Cost			Iterations
		Mean	Std. dev.	C.V.	Mean	Std. dev.	C.V.
0.1	ACO	32.22	0.74	0.0229	157.19	40.58	0.2581
	HACO	32.12	0.93	0.0289	138.4	21.02	0.1518
0.2	ACO	32.38	0.87	0.0269	133.27	20.57	0.1543
	HACO	32.7	0.97	0.0296	124.12	13.01	0.1048
0.3	ACO	32.65	0.94	0.0289	132.8	31.09	0.2341
	HACO	32.75	1.45	0.0443	122.1	13.09	0.1072
0.4	ACO	33.03	0.94	0.0284	131.86	28.76	0.2181
	HACO	33.31	1.1	0.033	122.98	20.2	0.1643
0.5	ACO	33.41	0.87	0.0261	157.27	67.72	0.4306
	HACO	33.55	1.08	0.0323	116.24	15.44	0.1328

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