The Bifurcation of Two Invariant Closed Curves in a Discrete Model

Figure 4

Parameters are , the initial values are , , , (a) the bifurcation diagram in plane [7], (b) , the equilibrium point is unstable, (c) , the equilibrium point is unstable, two invariant closed curves emerge from the equilibrium point, the larger circle is unstable, and the smaller one is stable, and (d) , the equilibrium point is stable and the smaller circle disappears.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)