Neimark-Sacker-Turing Instability and Pattern Formation in a Spatiotemporal Discrete Predator-Prey System with Allee Effect

Figure 12

Various transient strongly symmetrical patterns when Neimark-Sacker-Turing instability occurs on the front part of route to chaos. = 1.63, = 0.1, = 0.32, = 0.22, = 0.6, = 1.2, = 10, = 200, and = 10000.

(a) = 5.0

(b) = 5.02

(c) = 5.04

(d) = 5.06

(e) = 5.08

(f) = 5.12

(g) = 5.14

(h) = 5.16

(i) = 5.18