Quantifying Urban Sprawl and Its Driving Forces in China
Table 6
The direct, indirect, and total effects of eastern regions.
Variables
Urban Sprawl
Population Density
Direct Effect
Indirect Effect
Total Effect
Direct Effect
Indirect Effect
Total Effect
-0.112
0.124
0.012
0.073
-0.150
-0.077
(-0.901)
(0.636)
(0.053)
(0.713)
(-0.893)
(-0.373)
-0.020
-0.059
-0.078
0.073
-0.095
-0.022
(-0.198)
(-0.396)
(-0.481)
(0.890)
(-0.746)
(-0.148)
0.021
-0.024
-0.003
-0.016
0.031
0.015
(0.915)
(-0.663)
(-0.069)
(-0.826)
(1.001)
(0.403)
-0.008
-0.006
-0.015
0.001
0.009
0.010
(-1.117)
(-0.549)
(-1.215)
(0.219)
(0.814)
(0.855)
-0.008
0.029
0.021
0.013
-0.038
-0.025
(-0.460)
(1.075)
(0.742)
(0.955)
(-1.534)
(-0.914)
0.017
0.009
0.026
0.010
-0.019
-0.010
(0.833)
(0.296)
(0.768)
(0.579)
(-0.72)
(-0.33)
0.014
-0.024
-0.010
-0.025
0.039
0.014
(0.65)
(-0.802)
(-0.292)
(-1.459)
(1.456)
(0.447)
-0.024
-0.025
-0.049
0.001
0.040
0.041
(-1.366)
(-0.821)
(-1.479)
(0.07)
(1.561)
(1.405)
0.033∗
0.008
0.042
-0.021
-0.050
-0.071∗
(1.757)
(0.209)
(0.911)
(-1.393)
(-1.483)
(-1.795)
Notes: the t-statistical information is provided in the parentheses; ∗∗∗, ∗∗, and ∗ stand for the statistical significance level (1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively).
