GSPSO-LRF-ELM: Grid Search and Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Local Receptive Field-Enabled Extreme Learning Machine for Surface Defects Detection and Classification on the Magnetic Tiles

Table 4

Classification results of various surface defect categories.

Category	Identification/total	Correct rate (%)	False detection/Total	False detection rate (%)	Missed detection/total	Missed detection rate (%)
Free	109/109	100.00	1/109	0.92	0/109	0.00
Break	24/24	100.00	2/24	8.33	0/24	0.00
Crack	15/17	88.24	0/17	0.00	2/17	11.76
Fray	8/9	88.89	1/9	11.11	1/9	11.11
Uneven	26/30	86.67	0/30	0.00	4/30	13.33
Blowhole	30/31	96.77	4/31	12.90	1/31	3.23