GSPSO-LRF-ELM: Grid Search and Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Local Receptive Field-Enabled Extreme Learning Machine for Surface Defects Detection and Classification on the Magnetic Tiles

Table 5

Comparison of classification results of different classification algorithms.

Algorithm	Training accuracy (%)	Training time (s)	Test accuracy (%)	Testing time (s)
SVM	95.56	0.2443	86.82	0.4672
ANN	92.15	6.9703	87.73	0.0215
ELM	73.18	0.0066	72.27	0.0026
ELM-LRF	97.85	47.8906	91.82	10.2463
GSPSO-LRF-ELM	99.07	26.4375	96.36	12.1420