A Holling Type II Discrete Switching Host-Parasitoid System with a Nonlinear Threshold Policy for Integrated Pest Management

Figure 7

Illustrating the switching effects of initial densities of the host and parasitoid populations of system (4) related to the switching curve. The parameters are fixed as follows: . The initial values in (a)–(d) are , , , and . The red lines in each subplot represent the switching curves.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)