Research Article

Selection of Machine Learning Models for Oil Price Forecasting: Based on the Dual Attributes of Oil

Table 10

Error with different window sizes (spot prices).

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MAERMSEMAERMSEMAERMSE

Panel A
PCA-RNN0.04990.06100.06000.07230.15820.1741
MDS-RNN0.08350.09710.06490.07940.04860.0619
LLE-RNN0.03140.04130.03230.04190.03620.0479
RNN0.07620.08790.08450.09690.04390.0558

Panel B
PCA-LSTM0.09940.12170.12690.14610.06210.0769
MDS-LSTM0.22250.25790.09290.11260.16600.2025
LLE-LSTM0.03990.05230.04480.05870.05240.0675
LSTM0.07400.09080.09560.11570.12170.1457