[Retracted] Wheat Futures Prices Prediction in China: A Hybrid Approach

Table 5

Performance evaluation matrix of the models under consideration for wheat futures price series.

	Random walk	Conventional model	ARMA (1, 1, 1)	ARMA (1, 1, 2)	Three-layer ANN
MAE	0.5799	0.5866	0.5873	0.5878	0.5728
RMSE	0.7487	0.7301	0.7975	0.6986	0.6937
Theil’s U	—	1.052	1.035	1.045	1.031

Note. MAE: mean absolute error; RMSE: root mean square error.