Research Article
Spatial Differentiation and Elements Influencing Urban Resilience in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River under the COVID-19 Pandemic
Table 2
Index system for influential elements of the urban resilience level [
21–
27].
| Subsystem | Index | Element | Element attribute |
| Social resilience | Social pressure | S1: per-capita disposable income of urban residents | + | S2: registered unemployment rate in urban areas | — | Medical security | S3: number of beds per 10,000 people | + | S4: number of practicing (assistant) doctors per 10,000 people | + | Cultural education | S5: number of university students per 10,000 people | + | Social governance | S6: expenditures in the local general public budget | + |
| Economic resilience | Industrial scale | E1: GDP per land area | + | E2: GDP growth rate | + | Industrial structure | E3: proportion of tertiary industry | + | Scientific and technological innovation | E4: number of authorized invention patents | + |
| Environmental resilience | Built environment | N1: proportion of urban construction land | — | N2: green coverage rate in built-up areas | + | N3: population density | — | Natural ecology | N4: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) | + | Pollution control | N5: air quality index (AQI) | — | N6: centralized treatment rate in sewage treatment plants | + |
| Engineering resilience | Traffic evacuation | P1: per-capita road surface | + | P2: number of buses per 10,000 people | + | Information popularization | P3: proportion of Internet users | + | Shelter | P4: number of schools per 10,000 people | + |
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