[Retracted] Digital Transformation and Corporate Total Factor Productivity: Empirical Evidence Based on Listed Enterprises

Table 1

Definition and descriptive statistics of variables.

Name	Definition	Sample size	Mean	Standard deviation
TFP	Lu Xiaodong and Lian Yujun (2012)	8,134	3.507	0.883
Digital transformation	Zhang Yongshen et al. (2021)	8,134	0.128	0.232
Enterprise age	Log of enterprise age	8,134	2.745	0.404
Enterprise scale	Log of total assets	8,134	7.641	1.270
Number of employees	Log of number of employees	8,134	8.597	9.669
Debt-assets ratio	Total liabilities/total assets	8,134	0.423	0.213
Net profit margin of total assets	Net profit/mean total assets	8,134	0.039	0.077
Export intensity	Export amount/operating income	8,134	0.121	0.208
Technological innovation	Log of number of patent applications	8,134	3.466	4.844