Robustness for testing SDF loadings of . This table reports robustness results of SDF loading estimates using double-selection LASSO approach. The sample period is from July 2000 to December 2019. In columns 1 and 2, we use previous 650 5 × 5 bivariate sorted portfolios as test assets, while, in columns 3 and 4, we use 156 2 × 3 bivariate sorted portfolios. Columns 1 and 3 select controls from factors appearing in Table 3 as well as the liquidity factor AMI and Quality-Minus-Junk (QMJ) factor, while columns 2 and 4 select controls from an expanding set including totally 99 benchmark factors.