Research Article
Impact of Sino-US Trade Liberalization on China’s Carbon Emissions and Future Works on Fractional Phenomenon
Table 5
Robustness test of changing the explained variable.
| | | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| | First stage regression | Explained variable LnT | IV
exchange rate | 0.00154 (0.000666) | 0.00173 (0.00068) | 0.00177 (0.00066) | 0.0018 (0.0006568) | | Other explanatory variables | — | — | — | — | | F value | 15.35 | 16.45 | 17.32 | 17.53 |
| | Second stage regression | Explained variable LnSO2 | | LnT | −3.772 (1.527) | −3.371 (1.245) | −3.235 (1.131) | −3.176 (1.1) | | Lnpop | 0.398 (0.204) | 0.3806 (0.1848) | 0.46 (0.192) | 0.465 (0.188) | | Lnpgdp | 19.888 (8.565) | 22.21 (8.867) | 22.56 (8.835) | 21.68 (8.59) | | (Lnpgdp)2 | −1.037 (0.431) | −1.162 (0.45) | −1.355 (0.512) | −1.31 (0.497) | | Es | | −2.756 (1.72) | −2.057 (0.1385) | −1.94 (1.425) | | Lnsec | | | −2.043 (1.123) | −1.907 (1.1) | | Lncar | | | 1.536 (0.685) | 1.6 (0.679) | | Lnrd | | | | −0.245 (0.321) | | Cons | 100.45 (48.79) | 106.71 (47.567) | −92.64 (41.21) | −87.93 (40.15) | | Observations | 473 | 454 | 453 | 452 | | Province-fixed effect | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | | Year-fixed effect | No | No | No | No | | Adjusted R2 | 0.9682 | 0.9698 | 0.9775 | 0.9779 |
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, , and represent the significance level of 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. |
