Reducing Multidimensional Poverty of Elderly: The Role of the New Rural Pension Scheme in China
Table 4
Poverty-reduction of participating behavior (age: 45–59).
Variable
Multipoverty
Lifepoverty
Healthpoverty
Socialpoverty
Swell-beingpoverty
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Participation
−0.2548 (0.0625)
−0.1028 (0.0610)
−0.3053 (0.0649)
−0.0611 (0.0643)
−0.2326 (0.0625)
Part_time (only 2012)
−0.1737 (0.0310)
−0.1517 (0.0319)
−0.1558 (0.0349)
−0.0812 (0.0315)
−0.1351 (0.0301)
Age
0.0076 (0.0029)
0.0116 (0.0047)
0.0157 (0.0027)
0.0203 (0.0048)
0.0067 (0.0030)
0.0032 (0.0051)
−0.0127 (0.0029)
−0.0078 (0.0047)
0.0034 (0.0029)
0.0109 (0.0045)
Gender
0.0573 (0.0250)
0.0704 (0.0432)
0.0694 (0.0236)
0.0566 (0.0418)
−0.1079 (0.0259)
−0.0764 (0.0450)
0.0043 (0.0258)
−0.0206 (0.0422)
0.0480 (0.0252)
0.0586 (0.0404)
Marriage
−0.2728 (0.0474)
−0.4304 (0.0821)
−0.0859 (0.0490)
0.0680 (0.0856)
−0.0529 (0.0512)
−0.1534 (0.0899)
−0.2263 (0.0479)
−0.3197 (0.0814)
−0.3670 (0.0458)
−0.4165 (0.0799)
Educ
−0.1533 (0.0135)
−0.1609 (0.0226)
−0.1526 (0.0124)
−0.1503 (0.0206)
−0.0330 (0.0136)
−0.0806 (0.0230)
−0.1003 (0.0137)
−0.1052 (0.0215)
−0.1062 (0.0134)
−0.1356 (0.0206)
LNmedical_fee
0.0470 (0.0040)
0.0485 (0.0077)
0.0082 (0.0036)
0.0158 (0.0070)
0.1540 (0.0048)
0.1145 (0.0089)
0.0217 (0.0040)
0.0063 (0.0072)
0.0400 (0.0040)
0.0367 (0.0070)
Familysize
−0.0302 (0.0072)
−0.0391 (0.0132)
−0.0205 (0.0068)
−0.0487 (0.0130)
−0.0082 (0.0074)
0.0069 (0.0139)
−0.0243 (0.0075)
−0.0151 (0.0130)
−0.0302 (0.0072)
−0.0416 (0.0125)
Child_num
0.0849 (0.0146)
0.0938 (0.0255)
0.0892 (0.0140)
0.1491 (0.0262)
0.0161 (0.0155)
−0.0042 (0.0274)
0.0125 (0.0154)
−0.0144 (0.0256)
0.0236 (0.0148)
0.0390 (0.0243)
Land
0.0507 (0.0528)
0.1033 (0.0850)
0.0468 (0.0123)
0.1844 (0.0741)
−0.0444 (0.0530)
−0.1135 (0.0834)
−0.0037 (0.0514)
0.0899 (0.0804)
−0.0206 (0.0488)
0.0193 (0.0755)
Variable
Multipoverty
Lifepoverty
Healthpoverty
Socialpoverty
Swell-beingpoverty
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
LNfincome_per
−0.1830 (0.0120)
−0.1592 (0.0202)
−0.1463 (0.0123)
−0.1108 (0.0210)
−0.0345 (0.0130)
−0.0048 (0.0214)
−0.0795 (0.0125)
−0.0629 (0.0198)
−0.1272 (0.0120)
−0.1146 (0.0194)
LNftransfer_per
0.0068 (0.0049)
0.0310 (0.0086)
0.0203 (0.0046)
0.0425 (0.0080)
0.0032 (0.0051)
0.0003 (0.0088)
−0.0002 (0.0050)
0.0052 (0.0082)
0.0063 (0.0049)
0.0190 (0.0079)
Disaster
0.1843 (0.0294)
0.0697 (0.0473)
0.2990 (0.0277)
0.2117 (0.0476)
0.0150 (0.0305)
−0.0876 (0.0501)
0.0150 (0.0305)
0.0264 (0.0465)
0.0398 (0.0294)
0.0243 (0.0446)
Landforms
−0.0017 (0.0007)
−0.0015 (0.0009)
−0.0048 (0.0006)
−0.0056 (0.0008)
0.0016 (0.0006)
0.0024 (0.0009)
0.0007 (0.0006)
0.0015 (0.0009)
0.0003 (0.0006)
0.0004 (0.0008)
Distance_town
0.0157 (0.0053)
−0.0143 (0.0102)
−0.0002 (0.0047)
−0.0194 (0.0099)
−0.0102 (0.0050)
−0.0163 (0.0101)
−0.0175 (0.0050)
−0.0133 (0.0096)
−0.0101 (0.0050)
−0.0165 (0.0092)
Distance_county
0.1177 (0.0145)
0.0801 (0.0259)
0.1701 (0.0126)
0.2422 (0.0235)
0.0325 (0.0140)
0.0413 (0.0258)
−0.0067 (0.0138)
0.0193 (0.0242)
0.0358 (0.0136)
0.0609 (0.0234)
Distance_capital
0.0213 (0.0082)
−0.0130 (0.0131)
0.0180 (0.0074)
−0.0407 (0.0129)
−0.0006 (0.0081)
0.0168 (0.0139)
−0.0021 (0.0081)
−0.0015 (0.0127)
0.0060 (0.0079)
−0.0128 (0.0123)
Constant
0.4492 (0.4166)
0.4852 (0.3622)
0.6153 (0.4586)
0.4991 (0.3527)
−1.2166 (0.4436)
−1.1191 (0.3776)
1.8465 (0.4370)
0.6844 (0.3512)
0.8754 (0.4835)
0.5477 (0.3413)
Wald test
3.42
13.93
4.39
0.0306
1.39
0.0239
0.10
0.2497
3.42
0.0190
Province fixed
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Year fixed
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
—
Yes
—
Observations
15072
4981
15076
4981
15070
4981
15076
4981
15076
4981
Note: robust standard errors in brackets. The symbols ,, and indicate statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. The estimated coefficient of IV (cpart_ratio) in the first-stage of regression is 1.2384, the t-statistic is 55.23, and the first-stage F statistic is 4,490.34. The year since participating in the NRPS (part_time) is only available in 2012, so the year effect is not controlled.
