Coordination of New Energy Vehicles Closed-Loop Supply Chain under Government Subsidies and Different Power Structures

Table 1

Variables and their meanings.

Variable symbol	Variable meaning
	New battery production costs
	Remanufacturing battery production costs
	New energy vehicle recycling price
	Market base sales
	Price sensitivity coefficient
	Recovery effort
	Effort cost coefficient
	Government subsidy rate
	Waste battery recovery
	New battery wholesale price
	Vehicle manufacturer the sales price
	Recycling batteries saves profits
	Recovery effort
	Profit sharing ratio
	Transfer price
	Profit function under centralized decision-making ()
	Vehicle manufacturer upper/lower bid
	Battery manufacturer up/down
	Overall profit subscript
	Profit function of dominant rights under decentralized decision-making ()
	Profit function of battery manufacturers after contract under each power structure ()
	Profit function of vehicle manufacturers after contract under each power structure ()
	Overall profit function of the supply chain after contract under each power structure ()