Risk Factors for Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients: Two-Year Follow-Up Study

Table 1

Baseline values of the 189 ESRD patients under HD therapy.

	Controls (𝑛=25)	HD patients (𝑛=189)
Biochemical and dialysis markers
URR, %	—	75.9±6.56
KT/Ve	—	1.48±0.31
Ultrafiltration volume, L	—	2.43±0.94
Creatinine, mg/dL	—	8.14±2.81
Potassium, mmol/L	—	5.40 (4.80–5.88)
Sodium, mmol/L	—	137 (135–139)
Phosphorus, mmol/L	—	4.48 (3.60–5.40)
Calcium, mg/dL	—	8.60 (8.10–9.10)
Calcium phosphorus product	—	37.58 (31.15–44.86)
Darbopoeitin, μg/kg/week	—	0.42 (0.20–0.75)
Hematological data
Erythrocytes, ×10^12 /L	4.9±0.45	3.8±0.53^∗
Hemoglobin, g/dL	14.9±0.86	11.7±1.44^∗
Hematocrit, %	44.3±2.80	36.5±4.59^∗
MCV, fL	88.1±11.72	95.8±6.01^∗
MCHC, g/dL	33.8±0.46	32.3±1.19
RDW, %	15.1±0.54	15.1±1.91
Platelets, ×10^9/L	257.1±58.85	184.1±55.4^∗
Leukocytes, ×10^9/L	6.7±1.66	6.4±2.0
Neutrophils, ×10^9/L	4.3±1.48	4.0±1.49
Lymphocytes, ×10^9/L	2.0±0.37	1.7±0.70^∗
Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio	2.2±0.78	2.7±1.51
Iron metabolism markers
Transferrin, mg/dL	310.8±44.04	184.4±35.8^∗
Transferrin saturation, %	12.7±4.73	15.1 (11.8–19.3)^∗
Iron, μg/dL	55.0±17.97	38.0 (30.0–53.5)^∗
sTfR, nmol/L	13.6±3.72	23.3±11.9^∗
Ferritin, ng/mL	102.5±60.61	400.8±152.9^∗
Hepcidin-25, ng/mL	218.4 (124.5–318.6)	1599.1 (863.6–2409.0)^∗
Inflammatory markers
IL-6, pg/mL	0.43 (0.28–0.61)	2.29 (1.40–4.26)^∗
CRP, mg/dL	0.75 (0.44–1.91)	5.13 (2.33–13.05)^∗
PON1, nmol p-nitrofenol/mL/min	466.8 (383.8–535.8)	361.1 (323.3–463.7)^∗
Adiponectin, mg/L	4.93±2.30	9.27±4.71^∗
Lipid profile
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	202.2±26.25	154.2±43.5^∗
Triglycerides, mg/dL	103.0 (86.5–154.0)	117.0 (90.5–176.5)
HDLc, mg/dL	48.7±12.94	42.2±13.5^∗
LDLc, mg/dL	105.9±25.29	73.4±29.3^∗
VLDL, mg/dL	20.6 (17.3–30.8)	23.4 (18.0–35.4)
Lp(a), mg/dL	27.7 (17.3–69.9)	45.4 (25.6–89.0)
Apo A1, mg/dL	145.2±26.91	122.7±30.4^∗
Apo B, mg/dL	91.4±14.49	72.4±21.7^∗
Ox-LDL, U/L	40.8±10.97	33.7 (27.7–40.5)^∗
OxLDL/LDL ratio, U/mg	0.040±0.013	0.052±0.018^∗
Endotelial (dys) function markers
tPA, ng/mL	3.93 (2.95–5.93)	5.35 (3.72–8.18)^∗
PAI-1, ng/mL	31.0 (15.3–59.2)	18.7 (12.1–32.4)^∗
tPA/PAI-1 ratio	0.16 (0.09–0.20)	0.29 (0.18–0.39)^∗
D-dimers, ng/mL	0.25 (0.18–0.34)	0.71 (0.38–1.56)^∗
Nutritional markers
BMI, Kg/m^2	22.2±2.26	25.9±4.63^∗
Albumin, g/dL	—	3.9±0.38

^∗𝑃<0.05 versus controls. Data are presented as median and interquartile range (parameters with nonnormal distribution), mean and standard deviation (parameters with normal distribution), or number and respective percentage. URR: urea reduction ratio; MCV: mean cell volume; MCHC: mean cell hemoglobin concentration; RDW: red cell distribution width; sTfR: soluble transferrin receptor; IL-6: interleukin-6; CRP: C-reactive protein; PON1: paraoxonase 1; HDLc: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein; Lp(a): lipoprotein (a); Apo A: apolipoprotein A; Apo B: apolipoprotein B; Ox-LDL: oxidized LDL; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; tPA: tissue plasminogen activator.